Narasimhan V, Brown H, Pablos-Mendez A, Adams O, Dussault G, Elzinga G, et al. Responding to the global human resources crisis. Lancet. 2004;363:1469–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16108-4.
Boniol M, Kunjumen T, Nair TS, Siyam A, Campbell J, Diallo K. The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: a threat to equity and ‘universal’ health coverage? BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7: e009316. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009316.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
World Health Organization. WHO health workforce support and safeguards list 2023. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.
United Nations. Sustainable development goals. Goal 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. 2023. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/health/. Accessed 20 Sep 2024.
World Health Organization. Task shifting: global recommendations and guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
European Commission. Task Shifting and Health System Design: Report of the Expert Panel on effective ways of investing in Health (EXPH). Luxembourg: European Commission; 2019.
Van Schalkwyk MCI, Bourek A, Kringos DS, Siciliani L, Barry MM, De Maeseneer J, et al. The best person (or machine) for the job: rethinking task shifting in healthcare. Health Policy (New York). 2020;124:1379–86.
Seidman G, Atun R. Does task shifting yield cost savings and improve efficiency for health systems? A systematic review of evidence from low-income and middle-income countries. Hum Resour Health. 2017;15:1–13.
Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, Stoddart GL, Torrance GW. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015.
Chatterton ML, Belay YB. Cost-effectiveness of task-shifting in resource-constrained settings. Lancet Glob Health. 2024;12:e546–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00038-X.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
van Tuyl L, Vrijhoef B, Laurant M, de Bont A, Batenburg R. Broadening the scope of task shifting in the organisation of healthcare. Int J Care Coord. 2021;24:91–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/20534345211039988.
Sibbald B, Shen J, McBride A. Changing the skill-mix of the health care workforce. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2004;9:28–38.
Weeks G, George J, Maclure K, Stewart D. Non-medical prescribing versus medical prescribing for acute and chronic disease management in primary and secondary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;11(11):CD011227.
Jebara T, Cunningham S, MacLure K, Awaisu A, Pallivalapila A, Stewart D. Stakeholders’ views and experiences of pharmacist prescribing: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84:1883–905.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nkansah N, Mostovetsky O, Yu C, Chheng T, Beney J, Bond CM, et al. Effect of outpatient pharmacists’ non‐dispensing roles on patient outcomes and prescribing patterns. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010.
Joshi R, Thrift AG, Smith C, Praveen D, Vedanthan R, Gyamfi J, et al. Task-shifting for cardiovascular risk factor management: lessons from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases. BMJ Glob Health. 2018;3: e001092. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001092.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Curran A, Parle J. Physician associates in general practice: what is their role? Br J Gen Pract. 2018;68:310–1.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Araya R, Menezes PR, Claro HG, Brandt LR, Daley KL, Quayle J, et al. Effect of a digital intervention on depressive symptoms in patients with comorbid hypertension or diabetes in Brazil and Peru: two randomized clinical trials. JAMA. 2021;325:1852–62. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.4348.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Orkin AM, Rao S, Venugopal J, Kithulegoda N, Wegier P, Ritchie SD, et al. Conceptual framework for task shifting and task sharing: an international Delphi study. Hum Resour Health. 2021;19:61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-021-00605-z.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Leong SL, Teoh SL, Fun WH, Lee SWH. Task shifting in primary care to tackle healthcare worker shortages: an umbrella review. Eur J Gen Pract. 2021;27:198–210.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Robertson FC, Lippa L, Broekman MLD. Task shifting and task sharing for neurosurgeons amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurosurg. 2020;133:5–7.
Sevene E, Boene H, Vidler M, Valá A, Macuacua S, Augusto O, et al. Feasibility of task-sharing with community health workers for the identification, emergency management and referral of women with pre-eclampsia, in Mozambique. Reprod Health. 2021;18:1–16.
Aurizki GE, Wilson I. Nurse-led task-shifting strategies to substitute for mental health specialists in primary care: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Pract. 2022;28: e13046.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sabet Sarvestani A, Coulentianos M, Sienko KH. Defining and characterizing task-shifting medical devices. Global Health. 2021;17:60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00684-6.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Agyapong VIO, Osei A, Mcloughlin DM, McAuliffe E. Task shifting: perception of stake holders about adequacy of training and supervision for community mental health workers in Ghana. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31:645–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czv114.
Bauchner H, Fontanarosa PB, Thompson AE. Professionalism, governance, and self-regulation of medicine. JAMA. 2015;313:1831–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.4569.
Maier CB. The role of governance in implementing task-shifting from physicians to nurses in advanced roles in Europe, U.S., Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Health Policy (New York). 2015;119:1627–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.09.002.
Coales K, Jennings H, Afaq S, Arsh A, Bhatti M, Siddiqui F, et al. Perspectives of health workers engaging in task shifting to deliver health care in low-and-middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis. Glob Health Action. 2023;16:2228112. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2023.2228112.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yankam BM, Adeagbo O, Amu H, Dowou RK, Nyamen BGM, Ubechu SC, et al. Task shifting and task sharing in the health sector in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence, success indicators, challenges, and opportunities. Pan Afr Med J. 2023;46:11.
Das S, Grant L, Fernandes G. Task shifting healthcare services in the post-COVID world: a scoping review. PLOS Global Public Health. 2023;3: e0001712.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chukwu OA, Nnogo CC, Essue B. Task shifting to nonphysician health workers for improving access to care and treatment for cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2023;19:1511–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.08.010.
Glenton C, Colvin CJ, Carlsen B, Swartz A, Lewin S, Noyes J, et al. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of lay health worker programmes to improve access to maternal and child health: a qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(10):CD010414.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Miles K, Clutterbuck DJ, Seitio O, Sebego M, Riley A. Antiretroviral treatment roll-out in a resource-constrained setting: capitalizing on nursing resources in Botswana. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:555–60.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kelly M, Crotty G, Perera K, Dowling M. Evaluation of bone marrow examinations performed by an advanced nurse practitioner: an extended role within a haematology service. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2011;15:335–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2010.09.005.
Baine SO, Kasangaki A. A scoping study on task shifting; the case of Uganda. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:184. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-184.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bomholt KB, Nebsbjerg MA, Burau V, Mygind A, Christensen MB, Huibers L. Task shifting from general practitioners to other health professionals in out-of-hours primary care: a systematic literature review on content and quality of task shifting. Eur J Gen Pract. 2024;30:2351807.
Comments (0)