Gasmi A, Mujawdiya PK, Beley N, et al. Natural compounds used for treating hair loss. Curr Pharm Des. 2023;29(16):1231–44. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612829666230505100147.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Adil A, Godwin M. The effectiveness of treatments for androgenetic alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77(1):136–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.054.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cao L, Tian T, Huang YB et al. Neural progenitor cell-derived nanovesicles promote hair follicle growth via miR-100, JNanobiotechnology. 2021;19(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-020-00757-5

Stoehr JR, Choi JN, Colavincenzo M, et al. Off-Label use of topical Minoxidil in alopecia: A review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019;20(2):237–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-018-0409-y.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

He ZH, Zhang YT, Liu ZD, et al. Synergistic treatment of androgenetic alopecia with follicular co-delivery of Minoxidil and cedrol in metal-organic frameworks stabilized by covalently cross-linked cyclodextrins. Int J Pharm. 2024;654:123948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123948.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang CF, Du YM, Bi LB, et al. The efficacy and safety of oral and topical spironolactone in androgenetic alopecia treatment: A systematic review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023;16:603–12. https://doi.org/10.2147/ccid.S398950.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Okhovat JP, Marks DH, Manatis-Lornell A, et al. Association between alopecia areata, anxiety, and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;88(5):1040–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.086.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yang G, Chen GJ, Gu Z. Transdermal drug delivery for hair regrowth. Mol Pharm. 2021;18(2):483–90. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00041.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kaiser M, Abdin R, Gaumond SI, et al. Treatment of androgenetic alopecia: current guidance and unmet needs. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023;16:1387–406. https://doi.org/10.2147/ccid.S385861.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gupta AK, Talukder M, Bamimore MA. Natural products for male androgenetic alopecia. Dermatol Ther. 2022;35(4):e15323. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.15323.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu SQ, Kou XH, Niu YJ, et al. Progress on the mechanism of natural products alleviating androgenetic alopecia. Eur J Med Chem. 2024;264:116022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116022.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Iorizzo M, Tosti A. Treatments options for alopecia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015;16(15):2343–54. https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2015.1084501.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oaku Y, Abe A, Sasano Y et al. Minoxidil nanoparticles targeting hair follicles enhance hair growth in C57BL/6 mice, pharmaceutics. 2022;14(5):947. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050947

Mai Q, Han Y, Cheng G, et al. Innovative strategies for hair regrowth and skin visualization. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(4):1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041201.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yan A, Ruan R, Zhu X, et al. Co-delivery of Minoxidil and Tocopherol acetate ethosomes to reshape the hair follicular microenvironment and promote hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia. Int J Pharm. 2023;646:123498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123498.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lopedota A, Denora N, Laquintana V, et al. Alginate-Based hydrogel containing Minoxidil/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex for topical alopecia treatment. J Pharm Sci. 2018;107(4):1046–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2017.11.016.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Matos BN, Reis TA, Gratieri T, et al. Chitosan nanoparticles for targeting and sustaining Minoxidil sulphate delivery to hair follicles. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;75:225–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.036.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sakr FM, Gado AM, Mohammed HR, et al. Preparation and evaluation of a multimodal Minoxidil microemulsion versus Minoxidil alone in the treatment of androgenic alopecia of mixed etiology: a pilot study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2013;7:413–23. https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.S43481.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jaipakdee N, Limpongsa E, Pongjanyakul T. Optimization of Minoxidil microemulsions using fractional factorial design approach. Pharm Dev Technol. 2016;21(1):86–97. https://doi.org/10.3109/10837450.2014.971375.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ramezani V, Honarvar M, Seyedabadi M, et al. Formulation and optimization of transfersome containing Minoxidil and caffeine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018;44:129–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2017.12.003.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sun Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, et al. The Preparation of high Minoxidil loaded transfersomes and its gel for effective topical treatment of alopecia. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;84:104458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104458.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhao YJ, Brown MB, Jones SA. The effects of particle properties on nanoparticle drug retention and release in dynamic Minoxidil foams. Int J Pharm. 2010;383(1–2):277–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.029.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mali N, Darandale S, Vavia P. Niosomes as a vesicular carrier for topical administration of Minoxidil: formulation and in vitro assessment. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2013;3(6):587–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-012-0083-1

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cevc G, Blume G. New, highly efficient formulation of diclofenac for the topical, transdermal administration in ultradeformable drug carriers, transfersomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2001;1514(2):191–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2736(01)00369-8.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang ZJ, Michniak-Kohn B. Flavosomes, novel deformable liposomes for the co-delivery of anti- inflammatory compounds to skin. Int J Pharm. 2020;585:119500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119500.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu X, Kong X, Xu L, et al. Synergistic therapeutic effect of ginsenoside Rg3 modified Minoxidil transfersomes (MXD-Rg3@TFs) on androgenic alopecia in C57BL/6 mice. Int J Pharm. 2024;654:123963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123963.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kong X, Pang X, Wang R, et al. Minoxidil cyclodextrin complexes and their inclusion in transfersomes for the enhancement of therapeutic effect on androgenic alopecia. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2024;100:106102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2024.106102.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang XF, Li SX, Dong YT, et al. A multifunctional cholesterol-free liposomal platform based on Protopanaxadiol for alopecia therapy. Nano Res. 2022;15(10):9498–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4710-y.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sahin D, Çaglar ES, Boran T, et al. Development, characterization of naringenin-loaded promising microemulsion formulations, and demonstration of anti-aging efficacy by in vitro enzyme activity and gene expression. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;84:104422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104422.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang D, Ye D, Jing PP, et al. Design, optimization and evaluation of co-surfactant free microemulsion-based hydrogel with low surfactant for enhanced transdermal delivery of Lidocaine. Int J Pharm. 2020;586:119415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119415.

Article  PubMed  CAS