Arnulf I, Leu S, Oudiette D. Abnormal sleep and sleepiness in Parkinson’s disease.

Mayeux R, Stern Y. Epidemiology of Alzheimer disease. Cold spring harbor perspectives in medicine. 2012;2(8):a006239. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a006239

Desai U, Chandler J, Kirson N, Georgieva M, Ching H, Westermeyer B, et al. Epidemiology and economic burden of lewy body dementia in the united States. Curr Med Res Opin. 2022;38(7):1177–88.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lampropoulos IC, Malli F, Sinani O, Gourgoulianis KI, Xiromerisiou G. Worldwide trends in mortality related to Parkinson's disease in the period of 1994–2019: Analysis of vital registration data from the WHO Mortality Database. Frontiers in neurology. 2022;13:956440. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.956440

Athar T, Balushi K, Al, Alam S, Cholinesterase C. Recent advances on drug development and emerging therapeutic agents for alzheimer’s disease. Mol Biol Rep. 2021;48(7):5629–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee J, Meijer E, Langa KM, Ganguli M, Varghese M, Banerjee J, et al. Prevalence of dementia in India: national and state estimates from a nationwide study. Alzheimers dement. 2023;19(7):2898–2912. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12928

Mielke MM, Hagen CE, Wennberg AMV, Airey DC, Savica R, Knopman DS, et al. Association of plasma total Tau level with cognitive decline and risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia in the Mayo clinic study on aging. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(9):1073–80.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lambert JC, Schraen-Maschke S, Richard F, Fievet N, Rouaud O, Berr C, et al. Association of plasma amyloid Β with risk of dementia: the prospective Three-City study. Neurology. 2009;73(11):847–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gale SA, Acar D, Daffner KR. Dement Am J Med. 2018;131(10):1161–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Brook E, Mamo J, Wong R, Al-Salami H, Falasca M, Lam V, et al. Blood-brain barrier disturbances in diabetes-associated dementia: therapeutic potential for cannabinoids. Pharmacol Res. 2019;141:291–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuruppu DK, Matthews BR. Young-Onset Dementia. 2013.

Bahji A, Meyyappan AC, Hawken ER. Cannabinoids for the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Psychiatry. 2020;65(6):365–76.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abate G, Uberti D, Tambaro S. Potential and limits of cannabinoids in Alzheimer’s disease therapy. Biology (Basel). 2021;10(6):1–21.

Google Scholar 

Weber J, Keating GM. Ropinirole prolonged release. Adv Parkinson’S Disease. 2009;23(1):81–90.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Hillen JB, Soulsby N, Alderman C, Caughey GE. Safety and effectiveness of cannabinoids for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: a systematic review. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2019;10:204209861984699.

Article  Google Scholar 

Träger U, Andre R, Lahiri N, Magnusson-Lind A, Weiss A, Grueninger S, et al. HTT-lowering reverses Huntington’s disease immune dysfunction caused by NFκB pathway dysregulation. Brain. 2014;137(3):819–33.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hersch SM, Gevorkian S, Marder K, Moskowitz C, Feigin A, Cox M, et al. Creatine in huntington disease is safe, tolerable, bioavailable in brain and reduces serum 8OH2’dG. Neurology. 2006;66(2):250–2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ross CA, Tabrizi SJ. Huntington’s disease: from molecular pathogenesis to clinical treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(1):83–98.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sapp E, Schwarz C, Chase K, Bhide PG, Young AB, Penney J, et al. Huntingtin localization in brains of normal and Huntington’s disease patients. Ann Neurol. 1997;42(4):604–12.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choo YS, Johnson GVW, MacDonald M, Detloff PJ, Lesort M. Mutant Huntingtin directly increases susceptibility of mitochondria to the calcium-induced permeability transition and cytochrome C release. Hum Mol Genet. 2004;13(14):1407–20.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sweeney MD, Sagare AP, Zlokovic BV. Blood-brain barrier breakdown in alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018;14(3):133–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Al-Qazzaz NK, Ali SHBM, Ahmad SA, Chellappan K, Islam MS, Escudero J. Role of EEG as biomarker in the early detection and classification of dementia. Sci World J. 2014;2014.

Papaliagkas V, Kalinderi K, Vareltzis P, Moraitou D, Papamitsou T, Chatzidimitriou M. CSF biomarkers in the early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(10).

Diniz BSO, Pinto JA, Forlenza OV. Do CSF total Tau, phosphorylated Tau, and b-amyloid 42 help to predict progression of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2008;9(3):172–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao Y, Xin Y, Meng S, He Z, Hu W. Neurofilament light chain protein in neurodegenerative dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019;102(155):123–38.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuhle J, Gaiottino J, Leppert D, Petzold A, Bestwick JP, Malaspina A, et al. Serum neurofilament light chain is a biomarker of human spinal cord injury severity and outcome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86(3):273–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meeter LH, Dopper EG, Jiskoot LC, Sanchez-Valle R, Graff C, Benussi L, et al. Neurofilament light chain: a biomarker for genetic frontotemporal dementia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2016;3(8):623–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zetterberg H. Neurofilament light: A dynamic Cross-Disease fluid biomarker for neurodegeneration. Neuron. 2016;91(1):1–3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mattsson N, Ewers M, Rich K, Kaiser E, Mulugeta E, Rose E. CSF biomarkers and incipient alzheimer disease. JAMA. 2009;302(4):385–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dhiman K, Villemagne VL, Fowler C, Bourgeat P, Li QX, Collins S et al. Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light predicts risk of dementia onset in cognitively healthy individuals and rate of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment: A prospective longitudinal study. Biomedicines. 2022;10(5).

Gaur A, Gallagher D, Herrmann N, Chen JJ, Marzolini S, Oh P, et al. Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of global cognition in individuals with possible vascular mild cognitive impairment. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2025;38(1):62–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/08919887241254469

Arslan B, Zetterberg H, Ashton NJ. Blood-based biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease - moving towards a new era of diagnostics. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2024;62(6):1063–69. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2023-1434

Wilczyńska K, Waszkiewicz N. Diagnostic utility of selected serum dementia biomarkers: amyloid β-40, amyloid Β -42, Tau protein, and YKL-40: A review. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):1–26.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chun KA. Beta-amyloid imaging in dementia. J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2018;35(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2018.35.1.1

Hilal S, Wolters FJ, Verbeek MM, Vanderstichele H, Ikram MK, Stoops E, et al. Plasma amyloid-β levels, cerebral atrophy and risk of dementia: a population-based study. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2018;10(1):63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-018-0395-6

Jansen WJ, Ossenkoppele R, Tijms BM, Fagan AM, Hansson O, Klunk WE, et al. Association of cerebral amyloid-β aggregation with cognitive functioning in persons without dementia. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(1):84–95.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Metti AL, Cauley JA, Ayonayon HN, Harris TB, Rosano C, Williamson JD, et al. The demographic and medical correlates of plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2013;27(3):244–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Llorens F, Schmitz M, Karch A, Cramm M, Lange P, Gherib K, et al. Comparative analysis of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia. Alzheimer’s Dement. 2016;12(5):577–89.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fandos N, Pérez-Grijalba V, Pesini P, Olmos S, Bossa M, Villemagne VL, et al. Plasma amyloid Β 42/40 ratios as biomarkers for amyloid Β cerebral deposition in cognitively normal individuals. Alzheimer’s Dement Diagnosis Assess Dis Monit. 2017;8:179–87.

Google Scholar 

Cheng YW, Lin YJ, Lin YS, Hong WP, Kuan YC, Wu KY et al. Application of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease in clinical practice: recommendations from Taiwan dementia society. J Formos Med Assoc. 2024;(May 2023).

Colangelo AM, Alberghina L, Papa M. Astrogliosis as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurosci Lett. 2014;565:59–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Umoh ME, Dammer EB, Dai J, Duong DM, Lah JJ, Levey AI, et al. A proteomic network approach across the ALS - FTD disease spectrum resolves clinical phenotypes and genetic vulnerability in human brain. EMBO Mol Med. 2018;10(1):48–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liddelow SA, Barres BA. Reactive astrocytes: production, function, and therapeutic potential. Immunity. 2017;46(6):957–67.

Article  CAS  PubMed