de Curtis M, Librizzi L, Avanzini G (2015) Chapter 6 - Mechanisms of focal epileptogenesis. In: Newton HB, Maschio M (eds) Epilepsy brain tumors, Boston: Academic Press, pp 101–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-417043-8.00006-7

Song L, Quan X, Chen C, Chen L, Zhou J (2021) Correlation between tumor molecular markers and perioperative epilepsy in patients with glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 12:12

Article  Google Scholar 

Shergalis A, Bankhead A, Luesakul U, Muangsin N, Neamati N (2018) Current challenges and opportunities in treating glioblastoma. Pharmacol Rev 70:412–445. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.117.014944

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ostrom QT, Patil N, Cioffi G, Waite K, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS (2020) CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2013–2017. Neuro-Oncol 22:iv1-96. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa200

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Omuro A (2013) Glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas: a clinical review. JAMA 310:1842. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.280319

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin L, Cai J, Jiang C (2017) Recent advances in targeted therapy for glioma. Curr Med Chem 24:1365–1381. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666161223150242

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kerkhof M, Vecht CJ (2013) Seizure characteristics and prognostic factors of gliomas. Epilepsia 54:12–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12437

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaichana KL, Parker SL, Olivi A, Quiñones-Hinojosa A (2009) Long-term seizure outcomes in adult patients undergoing primary resection of malignant brain astrocytomas. Clinical article. J Neurosurg 111:282–292. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.2.JNS081132

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hills KE, Kostarelos K, Wykes RC (2022) Converging mechanisms of epileptogenesis and their insight in glioblastoma. Front Mol Neurosci 15:15

Article  Google Scholar 

Rho JM, Boison D (2022) The metabolic basis of epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 18:333–347. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-022-00651-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ertürk Çetin Ö, İşler C, Uzan M, Özkara Ç (2017) Epilepsy-related brain tumors. Seizure 44:93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2016.12.012

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee JW, Wen PY, Hurwitz S, Black P, Kesari S, Drappatz J et al (2010) Morphological characteristics of brain tumors causing seizures. Arch Neurol 67:336–342. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beaumont A, Whittle IR (2000) The pathogenesis of tumour associated epilepsy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 142:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007010050001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo X, Gu L, Li Y, Zheng Z, Chen W, Wang Y et al (2023) Histological and molecular glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype: a real-world landscape using the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors. Front Oncol 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1200815

Englot DJ, Chang EF (2014) Rates and predictors of seizure freedom in resective epilepsy surgery: an update. Neurosurg Rev 37:389–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-014-0527-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Berntsson SG, Malmer B, Bondy ML, Qu M, Smits A (2009) Tumor-associated epilepsy and glioma: are there common genetic pathways? Acta Oncol Stockh Swed 48:955–963. https://doi.org/10.1080/02841860903104145

Article  Google Scholar 

Hatcher A, Yu K, Meyer J, Aiba I, Deneen B, Noebels JL (2020) Pathogenesis of peritumoral hyperexcitability in an immunocompetent CRISPR-based glioblastoma model. J Clin Invest 130:2286–2300. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI133316

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hu S, Kao H-Y, Yang T, Wang Y (2022) Early and Bi-hemispheric seizure onset in a rat glioblastoma multiforme model. Neurosci Lett 766:136351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136351

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wen PY, Kesari S (2008) Malignant gliomas in adults. N Engl J Med 359:492–507. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0708126

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holland EC (2000) Glioblastoma multiforme: the terminator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:6242–6244

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kanu OO, Mehta A, Di C, Lin N, Bortoff K, Bigner DD et al (2009) Glioblastoma multiforme: a review of therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 13:701–718. https://doi.org/10.1517/14728220902942348

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ostrom QT, Cioffi G, Waite K, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS (2021) CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2014–2018. Neuro-Oncol 23:iii1-105. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab200

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lenz G, Onzi GR, Lenz LS, Buss JH, dos Santos JA, Begnini KR (2022) The origins of phenotypic heterogeneity in cancer. Cancer Res 82:3–11. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-1940

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lenz LS, Faccioni JL, Bracco PA, Santos JAF, Pereira LC, Buss JH et al (2021) Cancer cell fitness is dynamic. Cancer Res 81:1040–1051. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-2488

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Osborn AG, Louis DN, Poussaint TY, Linscott LL, Salzman KL (2022) The 2021 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: what neuroradiologists need to know. Am J Neuroradiol. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7462

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Verhaak RGW, Hoadley KA, Purdom E, Wang V, Qi Y, Wilkerson MD et al (2010) An integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR and NF1. Cancer Cell 17:98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.020

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Venkatesan S, Lamfers MLM, Dirven CMF, Leenstra S (2016) Genetic biomarkers of drug response for small-molecule therapeutics targeting the RTK/Ras/PI3K, p53 or Rb pathway in glioblastoma. CNS Oncol 5:77–90. https://doi.org/10.2217/cns-2015-0005

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vizcaíno MA, Shah S, Eberhart CG, Rodriguez FJ (2015) Clinicopathologic implications of NF1 gene alterations in diffuse gliomas. Hum Pathol 46:1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2015.05.014

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brennan CW, Verhaak RGW, McKenna A, Campos B, Noushmehr H, Salama SR et al (2013) The somatic genomic landscape of glioblastoma. Cell 155:462–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.034

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aronica E, Ciusani E, Coppola A, Costa C, Russo E, Salmaggi A et al (2023) Epilepsy and brain tumors: two sides of the same coin. J Neurol Sci 446:120584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2023.120584

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Palmini A, Gambardella A, Andermann F, Dubeau F, Da Costa JC, Olivier A et al (1995) Intrinsic epileptogenicity of human dysplastic cortex as suggested by corticography and surgical results. Ann Neurol 37:476–487.