Fan, Y. & Pedersen, O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 19, 55–71 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Li, J. Y. et al. Sex steroid deficiency-associated bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics. J. Clin. Invest. 126, 2049–2063 (2016).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Guan, Z. et al. Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss through the gut microbiota. Pharmacol. Res. 196, 106930 (2023).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Schepper, J. D. et al. Involvement of the gut microbiota and barrier function in glucocorticoid-Induced osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res. 35, 801–820 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chen, C. Y. et al. Glucocorticoid-induced loss of beneficial gut bacterial extracellular vesicles is associated with the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis. Sci. Adv. 8, 8335 (2022).
Guss, J. D. et al. The microbial metagenome and bone tissue composition in mice with microbiome-induced reductions in bone strength. Bone 127, 146–154 (2019).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ma, S., Wang, N., Zhang, P., Wu, W. & Fu, L. Fecal microbiota transplantation mitigates bone loss by improving gut microbiome composition and gut barrier function in aged rats. PeerJ 9, 12293 (2021).
Zhang, Y. W. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates bone loss in mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via modulating gut microbiota and metabolic function. J. Orthop. Transl. 37, 46–60 (2022).
Bose, S. & Sharan, K. Effect of probiotics on postmenopausal bone health: a preclinical meta-analysis. Br. J. Nutr. 131, 567–580 (2024).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ding, M. et al. Human breastmilk-derived Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CCFM1269 regulates bone formation by the GH/IGF axis through PI3K/AKT pathway. Gut Microbes 16, 2290344 (2024).
Chinese Society of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis (2022). Chin. Gen. Pract. 26, 1671–1691 (2023).
You, X. et al. Bone loss with aging is independent of gut microbiome in mice. Bone Res 12, 65 (2024).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Qi, X., Yun, C., Pang, Y. & Qiao, J. The impact of the gut microbiota on the reproductive and metabolic endocrine system. Gut Microbes 13, 1–21 (2021).
Baker, J. M., Al-Nakkash, L. & Herbst-Kralovetz, M. M. Estrogen–gut microbiome axis: Physiological and clinical implications. Maturitas 103, 45–53 (2017).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Akinsuyi, O. S. & Roesch, L. F. W. Meta-analysis reveals compositional and functional microbial changes associated with osteoporosis. Microbiol. Spectr. 11, 0032223 (2023).
Okoro, P. C. et al. A two-cohort study on the association between the gut microbiota and bone density, microarchitecture, and strength. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 14, 1237727 (2023).
Yan, L. et al. Characteristics of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in postmenopausal women with reduced bone mineral density. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 14, 1367325 (2024).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xie, X. et al. Study on gut microbiota and metabolomics in postmenopausal women. BMC Women’s. Health 24, 608 (2024).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shim, J., Iwaya, C., Ambrose, C. G., Suzuki, A. & Iwata, J. Micro-computed tomography assessment of bone structure in aging mice. Sci. Rep. 12, 8117 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang, C. et al. Incidence of and trends in hip fracture among adults in urban China: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. PLoS Med 17, e1003180 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zheng, X.-Q. et al. Incidence and cost of vertebral fracture in urban China: A five-year population-based cohort study. Int. J. Surg. 109, 1910–1918 (2023).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Piemontese, M. et al. Old age causes de novo intracortical bone remodeling and porosity in mice. JCI Insight 2, e93771 (2017).
Comments (0)