Piao J, Liu J, Zhang F, Su J, Li Y. Human-AI adaptive dynamics drives the emergence of information cocoons. Nat Mach Intell. 2023;5(11):1214–24.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tagliabue J, Bianchi F, Schnabel T, Attanasio G, Greco C, de Souza Moreira G, Chia PJ. A challenge for rounded evaluation of recommender systems. Nat Mach Intell. 2023;5(2):181–2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Santos FP, Lelkes Y, Levin SA. Link recommendation algorithms and dynamics of polarization in online social networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(50):e2102141118.

Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Wu C, Wu F, Huang Y, Xie X. Personalized news recommendation: methods and challenges. ACM Trans Inform Syst. 2023;41(1):1–50.

Article  Google Scholar 

Li N, Gao C, Piao J, Huang X, Yue A, Zhou L, Liao Q, Li Y. 2022, October. An exploratory study of information cocoon on short-form video platform. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management (pp. 4178–4182).

Sheng M, Zhang P. 2024. How I Form and Escape Information Cocoons: An Interview Study of Users on Short Video Apps. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Information (pp. 129–138).

Hołyst JA, Mayr P, Thelwall M, Frommholz I, Havlin S, Sela A, Kenett YN, Helic D, Rehar A, Maček SR, Kazienko P. Protect our environment from information overload. Nat Hum Behav. 2024;8(3):402–3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fu S, Li H, Liu Y, Pirkkalainen H, Salo M. Social media overload, exhaustion, and use discontinuance: examining the effects of information overload, system feature overload, and social overload. Information Processing & Management. 2020;57(6):102307.

Article  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Huang S, Aden NM, Johnson NF, Song C. Emergence of polarization in coevolving networks. Phys Rev Lett. 2023;130(3):037401.

Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Gu M, Zhao TF, Yang L, Wu XK, Chen WN. Modeling information cocoons in networked populations: insights from backgrounds and preferences. IEEE Trans Comput Social Syst. 2024;11(3):4497–510.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yang T, Majó-Vázquez S, Nielsen RK, González-Bailón S. Exposure to news grows less fragmented with an increase in mobile access. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117(46):28678–83.

Article  Google Scholar 

González-Bailón S, Lazer D, Barberá P, Zhang M, Allcott H, Brown T, Crespo-Tenorio A, Freelon D, Gentzkow M, Guess AM, Iyengar S. Asymmetric ideological segregation in exposure to political news on Facebook. Science. 2023;381(6656):392–8.

Article  Google Scholar 

Al-Ghadir AI, Azmi AM, Hussain A. A novel approach to stance detection in social media tweets by fusing ranked lists and sentiments. Inf Fusion. 2021;67:29–40.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhao X, Zou J, Miao J, Tian L, Gao L, Zhou B, et al. Zero-shot stance detection based on multi-perspective transferable feature fusion. Inf Fusion. 2024;108:102386.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chang Y, Wang X, Wang J, Wu Y, Yang L, Zhu K, et al. A survey on evaluation of large language models. ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol. 2024;15(3):1–45.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang L, Ma C, Feng X, Zhang Z, Yang H, Zhang J, et al. A survey on large language model based autonomous agents. Front Comput Sci. 2024;18(6):186345.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chen W, Su Y, Zuo J, Yang C, Yuan C, Chan CM, Yu H, Lu Y, Hung YH, Qian C, Qin Y. 2023, October. Agentverse: Facilitating multi-agent collaboration and exploring emergent behaviors. In the Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations.

Shen Y, Song K, Tan X, Li D, Lu W, Zhuang Y. Hugginggpt: Solving ai tasks with chatgpt and its friends in hugging face. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst. 2024;36.

Li G, Hammoud H, Itani H, Khizbullin D, Ghanem B. Camel: communicative agents for mind exploration of large language model society. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst. 2023;36:51991–2008.

Google Scholar 

Hong S, Zhuge M, Chen J, Zheng X, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhang C, Wang Z, Yau SKS, Lin Z, Zhou L. 2024. MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework. In the Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations.

Balazs JA, Velásquez JD. Opinion mining and information fusion: a survey. Inf Fusion. 2016;27:95–110.

Article  Google Scholar 

Liu B. Sentiment analysis: a multi-faceted problem. IEEE Intell Syst. 2010;25(3):76–80.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang Q, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Wang G, Ding W, Wu W, et al. Information fusion for multi-scale data: survey and challenges. Inf Fusion. 2023;100:101954.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang P, Li T, Yuan Z, Deng Z, Wang G, Wang D, Zhang F. A possibilistic information fusion-based unsupervised feature selection method using information quality measures. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst. 2023;31(9):2975–88.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhu L, Zhu Z, Zhang C, Xu Y, Kong X. Multimodal sentiment analysis based on fusion methods: a survey. Inf Fusion. 2023;95:306–25.

Article  Google Scholar 

Abdi A, Hasan S, Shamsuddin SM, Idris N, Piran J. A hybrid deep learning architecture for opinion-oriented multi-document summarization based on multi-feature fusion. Knowl Based Syst. 2021;213:106658.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yan C, Liu J, Liu W, Liu X. Research on public opinion sentiment classification based on attention parallel dual-channel deep learning hybrid model. Eng Appl Artif Intell. 2022;116:105448.

Article  Google Scholar 

Basiri ME, Nemati S, Abdar M, Asadi S, Acharrya UR. A novel fusion-based deep learning model for sentiment analysis of COVID-19 tweets. Knowl Based Syst. 2021;228:107242.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ding N, Tian SW, Yu L. A multimodal fusion method for sarcasm detection based on late fusion. Multimedia Tools Appl. 2022;81(6):8597–616.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wang Z, Xu G, Zhou X, Kim JY, Zhu H, Deng L. Deep tensor evidence fusion network for sentiment classification. IEEE Trans Comput Social Syst Early Access. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2022.3197994.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sun H, Chen YW, Lin L. Tensorformer: a tensor-based multimodal transformer for multimodal sentiment analysis and depression detection. IEEE Trans Affect Comput. 2022;14(4):2776–86.

Article  Google Scholar 

Xue H, Yan X, Jiang S, Lai H. 2020, December. Multi-tensor fusion network with hybrid attention for multimodal sentiment analysis. In 2020 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (pp. 169–174). IEEE.

Wooldridge M, Jennings NR. 1994, August. Agent theories, architectures, and languages: a survey. In International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages (pp. 1–39). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Franklin S, Graesser A. 1996, August. Is it an Agent, or just a Program? A Taxonomy for Autonomous Agents. In International workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages (pp. 21–35). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Hayes-Roth B. An architecture for adaptive intelligent systems. Artif Intell. 1995;72(1–2):329–65.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chowdhery A, Narang S, Devlin J, Bosma M, Mishra G, Roberts A, et al. Palm: scaling language modeling with pathways. J Mach Learn Res. 2023;24(240):1–113.

Google Scholar 

Achiam J, Adler S, Agarwal S, Ahmad L, Akkaya I, Aleman FL, Almeida D, Altenschmidt J, Altman S, Anadkat S, Avila R. 2023. Gpt-4 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774.

Zoph B, Bello I, Kumar S, Du N, Huang Y, Dean J, Shazeer N, Fedus W. 2022. ST-MoE: designing stable and transferable sparse expert models. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2202.08906.

Chung HW, Hou L, Longpre S, Zoph B, Tay Y, Fedus W, et al. Scaling instruction-finetuned language models. J Mach Learn Res. 2024;25(70):1–53.

Google Scholar 

Lewkowycz A, Andreassen A, Dohan D, Dyer E, Michalewski H, Ramasesh V, et al. Solving quantitative reasoning problems with language models. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst. 2022;35:3843–57.

Google Scholar 

Taylor R, Kardas M, Cucurull G, Scialom T, Hartshorn A, Saravia E, Poulton A, Kerkez V, Stojnic R. Galactica: A large language model for science. arXiv preprint arXiv. 2022;221109085.

Liu X, Cheng H, He P, Chen W, Wang Y, Poon H, Gao J. 2020. Adversarial training for large neural Language models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.08994.

Chen K, Xu W, Cheng X, Xiaochuan Z, Zhang Y, Song L, Wang T, Qi Y, Chu W. 2020, November. Question Directed Graph Attention Network for Numerical Reasoning over Text. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) (pp. 6759–6768).

Wang H, Fu T, Du Y, Gao W, Huang K, Liu Z, Chandak P, Liu S, Van Katwyk P, Deac A, Anandkumar A. Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence. Nature. 2023;620(7972):47–60.

Article  Google Scholar 

Park JS, O’Brien J, Cai CJ, Morris MR, Liang P, Bernstein MS. 2023, October. Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (pp. 1–22).

Lin J, Zhao H, Zhang A, Wu Y, Ping H, Chen Q. Agentsims: An open-source sandbox for large language model evaluation. arXiv preprint arXiv. 2023;230804026.

Wang L, Zhang J, Chen X, Lin Y, Song R, Zhao WX, Wen JR. Recagent: A novel simulation paradigm for recommender systems. arXiv preprint arXiv. 2023;230602552.

Zhang G, Wu J, Tan M, Han H. Predicting social events with multimodal fusion of spatial and temporal dynamic graph representations. Big Data. 2022;10(5):440–52.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cao R, Luo X, Xi Y, Qiao Y. Stance detection for online public opinion awareness: an overview. Int J Intell Syst. 2022;37(12):11944–65.

Article  Google Scholar 

D’Andrea E, Ducange P, Bechini A, Renda A, Marcelloni F. Monitoring the public opinion about the vaccination topic from tweets analysis. Expert Syst Appl. 2019;116:209–26.

Article  Google Scholar 

Devlin J, Chang MW, Lee K, Toutanova K. 2018. Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805.

Mao R, Chen G, Li X, Ge M, Cambria E. A comparative analysis of metaphorical cognition in ChatGPT and human minds. Cogn Comput. 2025;17(1):35.

Article  Google Scholar 

Qu Y, Wang J. Performance and biases of large language models in public opinion simulation. Humanit Soc Sci Commun. 2024;11(1):1–13.

Article  Google Scholar 

Webb T, Mondal SS, Momennejad I. A brain-inspired agentic architecture to improve planning with LLMs. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):8633.

Article  Google Scholar