Bentley S, Feldman N, Boehm L, Zavala M, Dilos B, McIndoe M, et al. Stroke code from EMS to thrombectomy: an interdisciplinary in situ simulation for prompt management of acute ischemic stroke. MedEdPORTAL. 2021;23(17):11177. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11177.
Zhao W, Ma P, Zhang P, Yue X. Mechanical Thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in octogenarians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2020;24(10):1355. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.01355.
Truelsen T, Piechowski-Jóźwiak B, Bonita R, Mathers C, Bogousslavsky J, Boysen G. Stroke incidence and prevalence in Europe: a review of available data. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13(6):581–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01138.x.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Palnum KD, Petersen P, Sørensen HT, Ingeman A, Mainz J, Bartels P, et al. Older patients with acute stroke in Denmark: quality of care and short-term mortality A nationwide follow-up study. Age Ageing. 2008;37(1):90–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afm134.
Debbağ S, Üstün GG. Anesthesia for the elderly: Effects of aging on perioperative and postoperative care. In: Vargel İ, Özgür FF, editors. Beauty, aging, and anti aging. Academic Press; 2023. p. 429–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-98804-9.00030-X.
Olotu C. Anesthesia for the elderly: a narrative review. Minerva Anestesiol. 2021;87(10):1128–38. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0375-9393.21.15388-X.
Singam NSV, Fine C, Fleg JL. Cardiac changes associated with vascular aging. Clin Cardiol. 2020;43(2):92–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.23313.
Fajemiroye JO, da Cunha LC, Saavedra-Rodríguez R, et al. Aging-induced biological changes and cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Res Int. 2018;10(2018):7156435. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7156435.
O’Callaghan S, Kenny RA. Neurocardiovascular instability and cognition. Yale J Biol Med. 2016;89(1):59–71.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rooke GA. Cardiovascular aging and anesthetic implications. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2003;17(4):512–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1053-0770(03)00161-7.
Bettelli G. Preoperative evaluation in geriatric surgery: comorbidity, functional status and pharmacological history. Minerva Anestesiol. 2011;77(6):637–46 (PMID: 21617627).
Janssens JP, Pache JC, Nicod LP. Physiological changes in respiratory function associated with ageing. Eur Respir J. 1999;13(1):197–205. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13a36.x.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Skloot GS. The effects of aging on lung structure and function. Clin Geriatr Med. 2017;33(4):447–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2017.06.001.
Swedko PJ, Clark HD, Paramsothy K, Akbari A. Serum creatinine is an inadequate screening test for renal failure in elderly patients. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(3):356–60. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.3.356.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Alvis BD, Hughes CG. Physiology considerations in geriatric patients. Anesthesiol Clin. 2015;33(3):447–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anclin.2015.05.003.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ahrens E, Wachtendorf LJ, Hill KP, Schaefer MS. Considerations for anesthesia in older adults with cannabis use. Drugs Aging. 2024;41(12):933–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-024-01161-6.
Denic A, Glassock RJ, Rule AD. Structural and functional changes with the aging kidney. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2016;23(1):19–28. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2015.08.004.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Luca E, Schipa C, Cambise C, Sollazzi L, Aceto P. Implication of age-related changes on anesthesia management. Saudi J Anaesth. 2023;17(4):474–81. https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.sja_579_23.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mangoni AA, Jackson SH. Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: basic principles and practical applications. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;57(1):6–14. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.02007.x.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Akhtar S. Pharmacological considerations in the elderly. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2018;31(1):11–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000544.
Yang R, Wolfson M, Lewis MC. Unique aspects of the elderly surgical population: an anesthesiologist’s perspective. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2011;2(2):56–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/2151458510394606.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mandal PK, Saharan S, Penna O, Fodale V. Anesthesia issues in central nervous system disorders. Curr Aging Sci. 2016;9(2):116–43. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609809666151124233206.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Kurauti MA, Soares GM, Marmentini C, Bronczek GA, Branco RCS, Boschero AC. Insulin and aging. Vitam Horm. 2021;115:185–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.010.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Charmandari E, Tsigos C, Chrousos G. Endocrinology of the stress response. Annu Rev Physiol. 2005;67:259–84. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040403.120816.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Frontera WR. Physiologic changes of the musculoskeletal system with aging: a brief review. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2017;28(4):705–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2017.06.004.
Mahender A, Chavan SS, Saroa R, Chauhan M. Recent advances in geriatric anaesthesia. Indian J Anaesth. 2023;67(1):152–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_1029_22.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Akhtar S, Ramani R. Geriatric pharmacology. Anesthesiol Clin. 2015;33(3):457–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anclin.2015.05.004.
Ngcobo NN. Influence of ageing on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of chronically administered medicines in geriatric patients: a review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2025;64(3):335–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-024-01466-0. Erratum in: Clin Pharmacokinet. 2025;64(3):463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-025-01494-4.
Thürmann PA. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in older adults. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2020;33(1):109–13. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000814.
Schonberger RB, Dai F, Michel G, Vaughn MT, Burg MM, Mathis M, et al. Association of propofol induction dose and severe pre-incision hypotension among surgical patients over age 65. J Clin Anesth. 2022;80:110846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110846.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Aceto P, Perilli V, Lai C, Sacco T, Modesti C, Luca E, et al. Minimum alveolar concentration threshold of sevoflurane for postoperative dream recall. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015;81(11):1201–9 (Epub 2014 Dec 23 PMID: 25532493).
Zhang GB, Li HY, Yu WJ, Ying YZ, Zheng D, Zhang XK, et al. Occurrence and risk factors for post-stroke delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Psychiatr. 2024;99:104132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104132.
Comments (0)