Bieniek KF, Cairns NJ, Crary JF, Dickson DW, Folkerth RD, Keene CD et al (2021) The second NINDS/NIBIB consensus meeting to define neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 80(3):210

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McKee AC, Cairns NJ, Dickson DW, Folkerth RD, Dirk Keene C, Litvan I et al (2016) The first NINDS/NIBIB consensus meeting to define neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol 131(1):75

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nowinski CJ, Bureau SC, Buckland ME, Curtis MA, Daneshvar DH, Faull RLM et al (2022) Applying the Bradford Hill criteria for causation to repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Front Neurol 22:13

Google Scholar 

Cherry JD, Kim SH, Stein TD, Pothast MJ, Nicks R, Meng G et al (2020) Evolution of neuronal and glial tau isoforms in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Brain Pathol 30(5):913–925

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hamlin D, Ryall C, Turner C, Faull RLM, Murray HC, Curtis MA (2024) Characterization of neurofibrillary tangle immunophenotype signatures to classify tangle maturity in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 20(7):4803

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moloney CM, Lowe VJ, Murray ME (2021) Visualization of neurofibrillary tangle maturity in Alzheimer’s disease: a clinicopathologic perspective for biomarker research. Alzheimers Dement 17(9):1554–1574

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cherry JD, Babcock KJ, Goldstein LE (2020) Repetitive head trauma induces chronic traumatic encephalopathy by multiple mechanisms. Semin Neurol 40(4):430–438

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tagge CA, Fisher AM, Minaeva OV, Gaudreau-Balderrama A, Moncaster JA, Zhang XLL et al (2018) Concussion, microvascular injury, and early tauopathy in young athletes after impact head injury and an impact concussion mouse model. Brain 141(2):422–458

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murray HC, Osterman C, Bell P, Vinnell L, Curtis MA (2022) Neuropathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a systematic review of comparative post-mortem histology literature. Acta Neuropathologica Commun 10(1):1–20

Article  Google Scholar 

Cherry JD, Tripodis Y, Alvarez VE, Huber B, Kiernan PT, Daneshvar DH et al (2016) Microglial neuroinflammation contributes to tau accumulation in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 4(1):112

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cherry JD, Zeineddin A, Dammer EB, Webster JA, Duong D, Seyfried NT et al (2018) Characterization of detergent insoluble proteome in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 77(1):40–49

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cherry JD, Meng G, Daley S, Xia W, Svirsky S, Alvarez VE et al (2020) CCL2 is associated with microglia and macrophage recruitment in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. J Neuroinflammation 17(1):1–12

Article  Google Scholar 

Murray HC, Johnson K, Sedlock A, Highet B, Dieriks BV, Anekal PV et al (2022) Lamina-specific immunohistochemical signatures in the olfactory bulb of healthy, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease patients. Commun Biol 5(1):1–12

Article  Google Scholar 

McKee AC, Stein TD, Nowinski CJ, Stern RA, Daneshvar DH, Alvarez VE et al (2013) The spectrum of disease in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Brain 136(Pt 1):43–64

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alosco ML, Cherry JD, Huber BR, Tripodis Y, Baucom Z, Kowall NW et al (2020) Characterizing tau deposition in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE): utility of the McKee CTE staging scheme. Acta Neuropathol 140(4):495–512

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Waldvogel HJ, Bullock JY, Synek BJ, Curtis MA, van Roon-Mom WMC, Faull RLM (2008) The collection and processing of human brain tissue for research. Cell Tissue Bank 9(3):169–179

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Swanson MEV, Mrkela M, Murray HC, Cao MC, Turner C, Curtis MA et al (2023) Microglial CD68 and L-ferritin upregulation in response to phosphorylated-TDP-43 pathology in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-023-01561-6

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tan S, Hamlin D, Kwon E, Scadeng M, Shim V, Holdsworth S et al (2024) Histological characterisation of a sheep model of mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. Neurotrauma Rep 5(1):194–202

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guzman-Martinez L, Maccioni RB, Andrade V, Navarrete LP, Pastor MG, Ramos-Escobar N (2019) Neuroinflammation as a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Pharmacol 10(SEP):1008

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Simon DW, McGeachy MJ, Baylr H, Clark RSB, Loane DJ, Kochanek PM (2017) The far-reaching scope of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol 13(3):171–191

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Graham NSN, Sharp DJ (2019) Understanding neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury: from mechanisms to clinical trials in dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 90(11):1221–1233

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cherry JD, Baucom ZH, Eppich KG, Kirsch D, Dixon ER, Tripodis Y et al (2022) Neuroimmune proteins can differentiate between tauopathies. J Neuroinflammat 19(1):278

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Glushakova OY, Johnson D, Hayes RL (2014) Delayed increases in microvascular pathology after experimental traumatic brain injury are associated with prolonged inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and progressive white matter damage. J Neurotrauma 31(13):1180–1193

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liddelow SA, Guttenplan KA, Clarke LE, Bennett FC, Bohlen CJ, Schirmer L et al (2017) Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature 541(7638):481

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Witcher KG, Bray CE, Dziabis JE, McKim DB, Benner BN, Rowe RK et al (2018) Traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal damage in the somatosensory cortex causes formation of rod-shaped microglia that promote astrogliosis and persistent neuroinflammation. Glia 66(12):2719–2736

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang W, Xiao D, Mao Q, Xia H (2023) Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development. Signal Transduct Target Therap 8(1):1–32

Google Scholar 

Eng LF, Ghirnikar RS, Lee YL (2000) Glial fibrillary acidic protein: GFAP-thirty-one years (1969–2000). Neurochem Res 25(9–10):1439–1451

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hendrickx DAE, van Eden CG, Schuurman KG, Hamann J, Huitinga I (2017) Staining of HLA-DR, Iba1 and CD68 in human microglia reveals partially overlapping expression depending on cellular morphology and pathology. J Neuroimmunol 15(309):12–22

Article  Google Scholar 

Hopperton KE, Mohammad D, Trépanier MO, Giuliano V, Bazinet RP (2017) Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Mol Psyc 23(2):177–198

Article  Google Scholar 

Mattiace LA, Davies P, Dickson DW (1990) Detection of HLA-DR on microglia in the human brain is a function of both clinical and technical factors. Am J Pathol 136(5):1101

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sofroniew MV (2009) Molecular dissection of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Trends Neurosci 32(12):638

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yuhan L, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A (2024) Impact of NQO1 dysregulation in CNS disorders. J Transl Med 22(1):4

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central