Alam M, Hoglund C (1992) Assessment by echocardiogram of left ventricular diastolic function in healthy subjects using the atrioventricular plane displacement. Am J Cardiol 69(5):565–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(92)91009-s
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bonow RO, Vitale DF, Bacharach SL, Maron BJ, Green MV (1988) Effects of aging on asynchronous left ventricular regional function and global ventricular filling in normal human subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol 11(1):50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(88)90166-0
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Brutsaert DL, Sys SU (1989) Relaxation and diastole of the heart. Physiol Rev 69(4):1228–1315. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1989.69.4.1228
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Caballero L, Kou S, Dulgheru R, Gonjilashvili N, Athanassopoulos GD, Barone D, Baroni M, Cardim N, GomezDeDiego JJ, Oliva MJ, Hagendorff A, Hristova K, Lopez T, Magne J, Martinez C, de la Morena G, Popescu BA, Penicka M, Ozyigit T, RodrigoCarbonero JD, Salustri A, van de Veire N, Von Bardeleben RS, Vinereanu D, Voigt JU, Zamorano JL, Bernard A, Donal E, Lang RM, Badano LP, Lancellotti P (2015) Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac Doppler data: results from the NORRE Study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 16(9):1031–1041. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev083
Carrick-Ranson G, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Fujimoto N, Palmer MD, Boyd K, Levine BD (2012) Effect of healthy aging on left ventricular relaxation and diastolic suction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 303(3):H315–H322. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00142.2012
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chahal NS, Lim TK, Jain P, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, Senior R (2010) Normative reference values for the tissue Doppler imaging parameters of left ventricular function: a population-based study. Eur J Echocardiogr 11(1):51–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejechocard/jep164
Chemla D, Coirault C, Hebert JL, Lecarpentier Y (2000) Mechanics of relaxation of the human heart. News Physiol Sci 15:78–83. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.2.78
Cui W, Roberson DA, Chen Z, Madronero LF, Cuneo BF (2008) Systolic and diastolic time intervals measured from Doppler tissue imaging: normal values and Z-score tables, and effects of age, heart rate, and body surface area. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21(4):361–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2007.05.034
Gruner Svealv B, Fritzon G, Andersson B (2006) Gender and age related differences in left ventricular function and geometry with focus on the long axis. Eur J Echocardiogr 7(4):298–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euje.2005.06.008
Hees PS, Fleg JL, Lakatta EG, Shapiro EP (2002) Left ventricular remodeling with age in normal men versus women: novel insights using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Cardiol 90(11):1231–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02840-0
Hees PS, Fleg JL, Dong SJ, Shapiro EP (2004) MRI and echocardiographic assessment of the diastolic dysfunction of normal aging: altered LV pressure decline or load? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286(2):H782–H788. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01092.2002
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Helmes M, Trombitas K, Granzier H (1996) Titin develops restoring force in rat cardiac myocytes. Circ Res 79(3):619–626. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.79.3.619
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hoglund C, Alam M, Thorstrand C (1988) Atrioventricular valve plane displacement in healthy persons. An echocardiographic study. Acta Med Scand 224(6):557–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1988.tb19626.x
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Innelli P, Sanchez R, Marra F, Esposito R, Galderisi M (2008) The impact of aging on left ventricular longitudinal function in healthy subjects: a pulsed tissue Doppler study. Eur J Echocardiogr 9(2):241–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euje.2007.03.044
Kaku K, Takeuchi M, Otani K, Sugeng L, Nakai H, Haruki N, Yoshitani H, Watanabe N, Yoshida K, Otsuji Y, Mor-Avi V, Lang RM (2011) Age- and gender-dependency of left ventricular geometry assessed with real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 24(5):541–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2011.01.011
Maceira AM, Prasad SK, Khan M, Pennell DJ (2006) Normalized left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by steady state free precession cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 8(3):417–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/10976640600572889
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Miyoshi T, Addetia K, Citro R, Daimon M, Desale S, Fajardo PG, Kasliwal RR, Kirkpatrick JN, Monaghan MJ, Muraru D, Ogunyankin KO, Park SW, Ronderos RE, Sadeghpour A, Scalia GM, Takeuchi M, Tsang W, Tucay ES, Tude Rodrigues AC, Vivekanandan A, Zhang Y, Blitz A, Lang RM, Asch FM (2020) Left ventricular diastolic function in healthy adult individuals: results of the world alliance societies of echocardiography normal values study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 33(10):1223–1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2020.06.008
Mondillo S, Ballo P, Galderisi M, Focardi M, Giacomin E, Maffei S, Henein M (2010) Assessment of left ventricular diastolic events interrelations: an integrated approach. Int J Cardiol 145(3):426–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.05.068
Munagala VK, Jacobsen SJ, Mahoney DW, Rodeheffer RJ, Bailey KR, Redfield MM (2003) Association of newer diastolic function parameters with age in healthy subjects: a population-based study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 16(10):1049–1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00516-9
Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF III, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T, Flachskampf FA, Gillebert TC, Klein AL, Lancellotti P, Marino P, Oh JK, Popescu BA, Waggoner AD (2016) Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 29(4):277–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.01.011
Nikitin NP, Witte KK, Thackray SD, De SR, Clark AL, Cleland JG (2003) Longitudinal ventricular function: normal values of atrioventricular annular and myocardial velocities measured with quantitative two-dimensional color Doppler tissue imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 16(9):906–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00279-7
Nikitin NP, Witte KK, Ingle L, Clark AL, Farnsworth TA, Cleland JG (2005) Longitudinal myocardial dysfunction in healthy older subjects as a manifestation of cardiac ageing. Age Ageing 34(4):343–349. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afi043
Nikitin NP, Loh PH, de Silva R, Witte KK, Lukaschuk EI, Parker A, Farnsworth TA, Alamgir FM, Clark AL, Cleland JG (2006) Left ventricular morphology, global and longitudinal function in normal older individuals: a cardiac magnetic resonance study. Int J Cardiol 108(1):76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.04.009
Okura H, Takada Y, Yamabe A, Kubo T, Asawa K, Ozaki T, Yamagishi H, Toda I, Yoshiyama M, Yoshikawa J, Yoshida K (2009) Age- and gender-specific changes in the left ventricular relaxation: a Doppler echocardiographic study in healthy individuals. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2(1):41–46. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.108.809087
Pai RG, Gill KS (1998a) Amplitudes, durations, and timings of apically directed left ventricular myocardial velocities: I. Their normal pattern and coupling to ventricular filling and ejection. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 11(2):105–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0894-7317(98)70067-7
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pai RG, Gill KS (1998b) Amplitudes, durations, and timings of apically directed left ventricular myocardial velocities: II. Systolic and diastolic asynchrony in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 11(2):112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0894-7317(98)70068-9
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Peverill RE (2019) Aging and the relationships between long-axis systolic and early diastolic excursion, isovolumic relaxation time and left ventricular length-Implications for the interpretation of aging effects on e′. PLoS One 14(1):e0210277. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210277
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Peverill RE, Gelman JS, Mottram PM, Moir S, Jankelowitz C, Bain JL, Donelan L (2004) Factors associated with mitral annular systolic and diastolic velocities in healthy adults. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 17(11):1146–1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2004.06.007
Peverill RE, Chou B, Donelan L, Mottram PM, Gelman JS (2016) Possible mechanisms underlying aging-related changes in early diastolic filling and long axis motion—left ventricular length and blood pressure. PLoS One 11(6):e0158302. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158302
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Peverill RE, Chou B, Donelan L (2017) Left ventricular long axis tissue Doppler systolic velocity is independently related to heart rate and body size. PLoS One 12(3):e0173383. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173383
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Peverill RE, Chou B, Donelan L, Thai WE (2020) Left ventricular long-axis function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—relationships between e′, early diastolic excursion and duration, and systolic excursion. PLoS One 15(10):e0240296. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240296
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Popovic ZB, Desai MY, Buakhamsri A, Puntawagkoon C, Borowski A, Levine BD, Tang WW, Thomas JD (2011) Predictors of mitral annulus early diastolic velocity: impact of long-axis function, ventricular filling pattern, and relaxation. Eur J Echocardiogr 12(11):818–825.
Comments (0)