González-González JA, García-Compean D, Vázquez-Elizondo G, Garza-Galindo A, Jáquez-Quintana JO, Maldonado-Garza H (2011) Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clinical features, outcomes and predictors of in-hospital mortality. A prospective study. Ann Hepatol 10(3):287–95
Premkumar M, Sarin SK (2020) Current concepts in coagulation profile in cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 16(4):158–167. https://doi.org/10.1002/cld.976
Engelmann C, Clària J, Szabo G, Bosch J, Bernardi M (2021) Pathophysiology of decompensated cirrhosis: Portal hypertension, circulatory dysfunction, inflammation, metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Hepatol 75 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S49-S66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.002
Anil G, Tan AG, Cheong HW, Ng KS, Teoh WC (2012) Emergency gastroduodenal artery embolization by sandwich technique for angiographically obvious and oblivious, endotherapy failed bleeding duodenal ulcers. Clin Radiol 67(5):468–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2011.10.026
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mukund A, Vasistha S, Jindal A, Patidar Y, Sarin SK (2023) Emergent rescue transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt within 8 h improves survival in patients with refractory variceal bleed. Hepatol Int 17(4):954–966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-022-10479-5
Mukund A, Rangarh P, Shasthry SM, Patidar Y, Sarin SK (2020) Salvage balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric variceal bleed in cirrhotic patients with endoscopic failure to control bleed/very early rebleed: Long-term outcomes. J Clin Exp Hepatol 10(5):421–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2020.04.010
Edelson J, Basso JE, Rockey DC (2021) Updated strategies in the management of acute variceal haemorrhage. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 37(3):167–172. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000723
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rajesh S, George T, Philips CA, Ahamed R, Kumbar S, Mohan N, Mohanan M, Augustine P (2020) Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhosis: An exhaustive critical update. World J Gastroenterol 26(37):5561–5596. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5561
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Terés J, Bordas JM, Bru C, Diaz F, Bruguera M, Rodes J (1976) Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis: Clinical and endoscopic correlations. Gut 17(1):37–40. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.17.1.37
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
D’Amico G, De Franchis R; Cooperative Study Group (2003) Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis. Post-therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators. Hepatology 38(3):599–612. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhep.2003.50385
Sarin SK, Lahoti D, Saxena SP, Murthy NS, Makwana UK (1992) Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: a long-term follow-up study in 568 portal hypertension patients. Hepatology 16(6):1343–1349. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840160607
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sarin SK, Kumar A, Angus PW, Baijal SS, Baik SK, Bayraktar Y, Chawla YK, Choudhuri G, Chung JW, de Franchis R, de Silva HJ, Garg H, Garg PK, Helmy A, Hou MC, Jafri W, Jia JD, Lau GK, Li CZ, Lui HF, Maruyama H, Pandey CM, Puri AS, Rerknimitr R, Sahni P, Saraya A, Sharma BC, Sharma P, Shiha G, Sollano JD, Wu J, Xu RY, Yachha SK, Zhang C, Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) Working Party on Portal Hypertension (2011) Diagnosis and management of acute variceal bleeding: Asian Pacific Association for Study of the Liver recommendations. Hepatol Int 5(2):607–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-010-9236-9
Primignani M, Carpinelli L, Preatoni P, Battaglia G, Carta A, Prada A, Cestari R, Angeli P, Gatta A, Rossi A, Spinzi G, De Franchis R (2000) Natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. The New Italian Endoscopic Club for the study and treatment of esophageal varices (NIEC). Gastroenterology 119(1):181–7. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2000.8555
Patwardhan VR, Cardenas A (2014) Review article: the management of portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 40(4):354–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.12824
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
de Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, Reiberger T, Ripoll C, Baveno VII Faculty (2022) Baveno VII—Renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol 76(4):959–974. Erratum in: J Hepatol. 2022 Apr 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.02
Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J (2010) Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 362(9):823-32. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2011 Feb 3;364(5):490. Dosage error in article text. PMID: 20200386. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0901512
Azoulay D, Castaing D, Majno P, Saliba F, Ichaï P, Smail A, Delvart V, Danaoui M, Samuel D, Bismuth H (2001) Salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for uncontrolled variceal bleeding in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 35(5):590–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(01)00185-4
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
García-Pagán JC, Saffo S, Mandorfer M, Garcia-Tsao G (2020) Where does TIPS fit in the management of patients with cirrhosis? JHEP Rep 2(4):100122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100122
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Walter A, Rudler M, Olivas P, Moga L, Trépo E, Robic MA, Ollivier-Hourmand I, Baiges A, Sutter O, Bouzbib C, Peron JM, Le Pennec V, Ganne-Carrié N, Garcia-Pagán JC, Mallet M, Larrue H, Dao T, Thabut D, Hernández-Gea V, Nault JC, Bureau C, Allaire M, Salvage TIPS Group (2021) Combination of model for end-stage liver disease and lactate predicts death in patients treated with salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for refractory variceal bleeding. Hepatology 74(4):2085–2101. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.31913
Weichselbaum L, Lepida A, Marot A, Trépo E, Moreno C, Deltenre P (2022) Salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis and refractory variceal bleeding: a systematic review with meta-analysis. United Eur Gastroenterol J 10(8):874–887. https://doi.org/10.1002/ueg2.12300
Lv Y, Yang Z, Liu L, Li K, He C, Wang Z, Bai W, Guo W, Yu T, Yuan X, Zhang H, Xie H, Yao L, Wang J, Li T, Wang Q, Chen H, Wang E, Xia D, Luo B, Li X, Yuan J, Han N, Zhu Y, Niu J, Cai H, Xia J, Yin Z, Wu K, Fan D, Han G, AVB-TIPS Study Group (2019) Early TIPS with covered stents versus standard treatment for acute variceal bleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 4(8):587–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30090-1
Chau TN, Patch D, Chan YW, Nagral A, Dick R, Burroughs AK (1998) “Salvage” transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: gastric fundal compared with esophageal variceal bleeding. Gastroenterology 114(5):981–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(98)00640-4
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bañares R, Casado M, Rodríguez-Láiz JM, Camúñez F, Matilla A, Echenagusía A, Simó G, Piqueras B, Clemente G, Cos E (1998) Urgent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for control of acute variceal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 93(1):75–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.075_c.x
Patel RK, Chandel K, Tripathy TP, Mukund A (2021) Complications of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the era of the stent graft—what the interventionists need to know? Eur J Radiol 144:109986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109986
Dastmalchian S, Aryafar H, Tavri S (2022) Intravascular ultrasound guidance for TIPS procedures: a review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 219(4):634–646. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.22.27626
Giri S, Patel RK, Varghese J, Agarwal D, Tripathy T (2023) Comparative outcome of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with or without variceal obliteration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 48(4):1429–1437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-023-03843-y
Qi X, Liu L, Bai M, Chen H, Wang J, Yang Z, Han G, Fan D (2014) Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in combination with or without variceal embolization for the prevention of variceal rebleeding: A meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 29(4):688–696. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.12391
Lv Y, Chen H, Luo B, Bai W, Li K, Wang Z, Xia D, Guo W, Wang Q, Li X, Yuan J, Cai H, Xia J, Yin Z, Fan D, Han G (2022) Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with or without gastro-oesophageal variceal embolisation for the prevention of variceal rebleeding: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 7(8):736–746. Erratum in: Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Aug;7(8):704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00087-5
Sarwar A, Esparaz AM, Tapper EB, Brook OR, Grunwald D, Malik R, Ahmed M (2017) Comparison of vascular plugs and pushable coils for variceal embolization after TIPS. AJR Am J Roentgenol 208(3):650–655. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.16.16012
Morrison JD, Mendoza-Elias N, Lipnik AJ, Lokken RP, Bui JT, Ray CE Jr, Gaba RC (2018) Gastric varices bleed at lower portosystemic pressure gradients than esophageal varices. J Vasc Interv Radiol 29(5):636–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2017.10.014
Tranah TH, Nayagam JS, Gregory S, Hughes S, Patch D, Tripathi D, Shawcross DL, Joshi D (2023) Diagnosis and management of ectopic varices in portal hypertension. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 8(11):1046–1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(23)00209-1
Wang ZW, Liu JC, Zhao F, Zhang WG, Duan XH, Chen PF, Yang SF, Li HW, Chen FW, Shi HS, Ren JZ (2020) Comparison of the effects of TIPS versus BRTO on bleeding gastric varices: A meta-analysis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 11(2020):5143013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5143013
Paleti S, Nutalapati V, Fathallah J, Jeepalyam S, Rustagi T (2020) Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for treatment of gastric varices because of portal hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 54(7):655–660. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000001275
Yu Q, Liu C, Raissi D (2021) Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for gastric varices: a meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 55(2):147–158. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000001305
Mukund A, Choudhury SP, Tripathy TP, Ananthashayana VH, Jagdish RK, Arora V, Singh SP, Mishra AK, Sarin SK (2023) Influence of shunt occlusion on liver volume and functions in hyperammonemic cirrhosis patients having large porto-systemic shunts: A randomized control trial. Hepatol Int 17(1):150–158. Erratum in: Hepatol Int. 2022 Dec;16(6):1496–1498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-022-10418-4
Yamamoto A, Nishida N, Morikawa H, Jogo A, Kageyama K, Sohgawa E, Hamamoto S, Takeshita T, Sakai Y, Matsuoka T, Kawada N, Miki Y (2016) Prediction for improvement of liver function after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric varices to manage portosystemic shunt syndrome. J Vasc Interv Radiol 27(8):1160–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2016.03.031
Waguri N, Osaki A, Watanabe Y (2021) Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for treatment of gastric varices. World J Hepatol 13(6):650–661. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v13.i6.650
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sonomura T, Ono W, Sato M, Sahara S, Nakata K, Sanda H, Kawai N, Minamiguchi H, Nakai M, Kishi K (2013) Emergency balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of ruptured gastric varices. World J Gastroenterol 19(31):5125–5130. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5125
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kim DJ, Darcy MD, Mani NB, Park AW, Akinwande O, Ramaswamy RS, Kim SK (2018) Modified balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) techniques for the treatment of gastric varices: Vascular plug-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration (PARTO)/coil-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration (CARTO)/balloon-occluded antegrade transvenous obliteration (BATO). Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 41(6):835–847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-018-1896-1
Saad WE, Sze DY (2011) Variations of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO): Balloon-occluded antegrade transvenous obliteration (BATO) and alternative/adjunctive routes for BRTO. Semin Intervent Radiol 28(3):314–324. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1284458
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Saad WE, Kitanosono T, Koizumi J (2012) Balloon-occluded antegrade transvenous obliteration with or without balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for the management of gastric varices: Concept and technical applications. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 15(3):203–225. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tvir.2012.07.004
Comments (0)