Ramey, C. T. et al. Infant Health and Development Program for low birth weight, premature infants: program elements, family participation, and child intelligence. Pediatrics 89, 454–465 (1992).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Morgan, C. et al. Early intervention for children aged 0 to 2 years with or at high risk of cerebral palsy: international Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Systematic Reviews. JAMA Pediatr. 175, 846–858 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bell, E. F. et al. Mortality, In-hospital morbidity, care practices, and 2-year outcomes for extremely preterm infants in the US, 2013-2018. JAMA 327, 248–263 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Schmidt, B. et al. Impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severe retinopathy on the outcome of low-birth-weight infants at 18 months: results from the trial of indomethacin prophylaxis in preterms. JAMA 289, 1124–1129 (2003).
Msall, M. E., Lagatta, J. M. & Bora, S. Optimizing trajectories of social adaptive competencies after extreme prematurity during the first 1000 days. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med. 29, 101531 (2024).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen L. W., Tsai M. L., Lin Y. C., Tsai H. Y., Chu C. H. Family social risks on neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants without severe brain injury. Pediatr. Res. (in Press).
Erdei, C., Austin, N. C., Cherkerzian, S., Morris, A. R. & Woodward, L. J. Predicting school-aged cognitive impairment in children born very preterm. Pediatrics 145, e20191982 (2020).
Bowlby, J. Attachment theory and its therapeutic implications. Adolesc. Psychol. 6, 5–33 (1978).
Netsi, E. et al. Association of persistent and severe postnatal depression with child outcomes. JAMA Psychiatry 75, 247–253 (2018).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Patrianakos-Hoobler, A. I. et al. Predicting school readiness from neurodevelopmental assessments at age 2 years after respiratory distress syndrome in infants born preterm. DMCN 52, 379–385 (2010).
Barda, T. et al. The impact of socio-environmental factors on brain structure over the early life course of preterm-born individuals-A systematic review. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 170, 106061 (2025).
Frumberg D., Church P. T., Rosenberg N. Time toxicity and shared decision-making in cerebral palsy. DMCN; epub ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.70123. (2025).
Ohlsson, A. & Jacobs, S. E. NIDCAP: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Pediatrics 131, e881–e893 (2013).
Symington, A. & Pinelli, J. Developmental care for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006, CD001814 (2006).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hack, M. Care of preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Pediatrics 123, 1246 (2009).
Browne, J. et al. Executive summary: standards, competencies, and recommended best practices for infant-and family-centered developmental care in the intensive care unit. J. Perinatol. 40, 5–10 (2020).
Benavente-Fernandez, I., Siddiqi, A. & Miller, S. P. Socioeconomic status and brain injury in children born preterm: modifying neurodevelopmental outcome. Pediatr. Res. 87, 391–398 (2020).
Welch, M. G. et al. Family Nurture Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit improves social-relatedness, attention, and neurodevelopment of preterm infants at 18 months in a randomized controlled trial. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 56, 1202–1211 (2015).
Silveira, R. C. et al. Parent-guided developmental intervention for infants with very low birth weight: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw. Open 7, e2421896 (2024).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
O’Brien, K. et al. Effectiveness of Family Integrated Care in neonatal intensive care units on infant and parent outcomes: a multicentre, multinational, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc. Health 2, 245–254 (2018).
Church, P. T. et al. Family Integrated Care (FICare): Positive impact on behavioural outcomes at 18 months. Early Hum. Dev. 151, 105196 (2020).
Schmitt, M. et al. Parents’ experiences with an early behavioral intervention, H-HOPE, in the NICU and at home: a qualitative study. Adv. Neonatal Care 25, 401–410 (2025).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
McKenzie, K., Lynch, E. & Msall, M. E. Scaffolding parenting and health development for preterm flourishing across the life course. Pediatrics 149, e2021053509K (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Colditz, P. B. et al. A randomized trial of Baby Triple P for preterm infants: child outcomes at 2 years corrected age. J. Pediatr. 210, 48–54.e2 (2019).
Orton, J. et al. Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2, CD005495 (2024).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bernabe-Zuñiga, J. E. et al. Early interventions with parental participation and their implications on the neurodevelopment of premature children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 34, 853–865 (2025).
van Wassenaer-Leemhuis, A. G. et al. Rethinking preventive post-discharge intervention programmes for very preterm infants and their parents. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 58, 67–73 (2016).
Church, P. T. & Malcolm, M. Words matter: the impact of language on family presence in the NICU. Neonatol. Today 20, 71–75 (2025).
Dixon S. D., Vaucher Y. E. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Special Issues for the At-Risk Infant and Family. In Dixon S. D. & Stein M. T. eds, Encounters with Children. 2000; Philadelphia: 4th Edition;Mosby Elsevier.
Comments (0)