Li Y, Qian B, Zhang X, Liu H. Graph neural network-based diagnosis prediction. Big Data. 2020;8(5):379–90.

Article  Google Scholar 

Baytas IM, Xiao C, Zhang X, Wang F, Jain AK, Zhou J. Patient subtyping via time-aware LSTM networks. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, 2017, pp. 65–74.

Dai J, Zhang M, Chen G, Fan J, Ngiam KY, Ooi BC. Fine-grained concept linking using neural networks in healthcare. In: Proceedings of the 2018 international conference on management of data, 2018, pp. 51–66.

Xu Y, Biswal S, Deshpande SR, Maher KO, Sun J. RAIM: recurrent attentive and intensive model of multimodal patient monitoring data. In: Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, 2018, pp. 2565–73.

Choi E, Bahadori MT, Song L, Stewart WF, Sun J. GRAM: graph-based attention model for healthcare representation learning. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, 2017, pp. 787–95.

Luo Z, Yeung SH, Zhang M, Zheng K, Zhu L, Chen G, Fan F, Lin Q, Ngiam KY, Ooi BC. MLCask: efficient management of component evolution in collaborative data analytics pipelines. In: 2021 IEEE 37th international conference on data engineering (ICDE), 2021 . IEEE; 2021,pp. 1655–66.

Ooi BC, Tan KL, Wang S, Wang W, Cai Q, Chen G, Gao J, Luo Z, Tung AK, Wang Y. SINGA: a distributed deep learning platform. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on multimedia, . 2015, pp. 685–88.

Abadi M, Barham P, Chen J, Chen Z, Davis A, Dean J, Devin M, Ghemawat S, Irving G, Isard M. \(\\): a system for \(\\) machine learning. In: 12th USENIX symposium on operating systems design and implementation (OSDI 16), 2016, pp. 265–83.

Paszke A, Gross S, Massa F, Lerer A, Bradbury J, Chanan G, Killeen T, Lin Z, Gimelshein N, Antiga L, et al. PyTorch: an imperative style, high-performance deep learning library. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, 2019, vol 32.

Zhang Y, Chen R, Tang J, Stewart WF, Sun J. LEAP: learning to prescribe effective and safe treatment combinations for multimorbidity. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, 2017, pp. 1315–24.

Le H, Tran T, Venkatesh S. Dual memory neural computer for asynchronous two-view sequential learning. In: Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, 2018, pp. 1637–45.

Zou Y, Pesaranghader A, Song Z, Verma A, Buckeridge DL, Li Y. Modeling electronic health record data using an end-to-end knowledge-graph-informed topic model. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):17868.

Article  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Nair P, Lu XH, Wen Z, Wang Y, Dehaghi AAK, et al. Inferring multimodal latent topics from electronic health records. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2536.

Article  Google Scholar 

Karami H, Atienza D, Ionescu A. TEE4EHR: transformer event encoder for better representation learning in electronic health records. Artif Intell Med. 2024;154:102903.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shi J, Wang Y, Zhang C, Luo Z, Chai C, Zhang M. DMRNet: effective network for accurate discharge medication recommendation. In: 2024 IEEE 40th international conference on data engineering (ICDE), 2024 . IEEE; 2024, pp. 3393–406.

Jiang P, Xiao C, Cross A, Sun J. GraphCare: enhancing healthcare predictions with personalized knowledge graphs. arXiv preprint; 2023. arXiv:2305.12788.

Wu R, Qiu Z, Jiang J, Qi G, Wu X. Conditional generation net for medication recommendation. In: Proceedings of the ACM web conference 2022, 2022, pp. 935–45.

Mi J, Zu Y, Wang Z, He J. ACDNet: attention-guided collaborative decision network for effective medication recommendation. J Biomed Inform. 2024;149:104570.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sae-Ang A, Chairat S, Tansuebchueasai N, Fumaneeshoat O, Ingviya T, Chaichulee S. Drug recommendation from diagnosis codes: classification vs. collaborative filtering approaches. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;20(1):309.

Article  Google Scholar 

Martinez-Rodrigo A, Castillo JC, Saz-Lara A, Otero-Luis I, Cavero-Redondo I. Development of a recommendation system and data analysis in personalized medicine: an approach towards healthy vascular ageing. Health Inf Sci Syst. 2024;12(1):34.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gebakan K, Ulu R, Abiyev R, Ah M. A drug prescription recommendation system based on novel DIAKID ontology and extensive semantic rules. Health Inf Sci Syst. 2024;12(1):31.

Google Scholar 

Jin Y, Ji W, Shi Y, Wang X, Yang X. Meta-path guided graph attention network for explainable herb recommendation. Health Inf Sci Syst. 2023;11(1):5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Almirall D, Compton SN, Gunlicks-Stoessel M, Duan N, Murphy SA. Designing a pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial for developing an adaptive treatment strategy. Stat Med. 2012;31(17):1887–902.

Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Chen Z, Marple K, Salazar E, Gupta G, Tamil L. A physician advisory system for chronic heart failure management based on knowledge patterns. Theory Pract Logic Program. 2016;16(5–6):604–18.

Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Gunlicks-Stoessel M, Mufson L, Westervelt A, Almirall D, Murphy S. A pilot smart for developing an adaptive treatment strategy for adolescent depression. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2016;45(4):480–94.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lakkaraju H, Rudin C. Learning cost-effective and interpretable regimes for treatment recommendation. arXiv preprint; 2016. arXiv:1611.07663.

Choi E, Bahadori MT, Sun J, Kulas J, Schuetz A, Stewart W. RETAIN: an interpretable predictive model for healthcare using reverse time attention mechanism. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, 2016, vol 29.

Yang C, Xiao C, Glass L, Sun J. Change matters: medication change prediction with recurrent residual networks. arXiv preprint; 2021. arXiv:2105.01876.

Yang N, Zeng K, Wu Q, Yan J. MoleRec: combinatorial drug recommendation with substructure-aware molecular representation learning. In: Proceedings of the ACM web conference 2023, 2023, pp. 4075–85.

Li X, Liang S, Lei Y, Li C, Hou Y, Zheng D, Ma T. CausalMed: causality-based personalized medication recommendation centered on patient health state. In: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM international conference on information and knowledge management, 2024, pp. 1276–85.

Li S, Wang H, He J, Chen X. AMGNet: an attention-guided multi-graph collaborative decision network for safe medication recommendation. Electronics. 2025;14(4):760.

Article  Google Scholar 

Shang J, Xiao C, Ma T, Li H, Sun J. GAMENet: graph augmented memory networks for recommending medication combination. In: Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, 2019, vol. 33, pp. 1126–33.

Liu Q, Wu X, Zhao X, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Tian F, Zheng Y. Large language model distilling medication recommendation model. arXiv preprint; 2024. arXiv:2402.02803.

Liu Q, Qiu Z, Zhao X, Wu X, Zhang Z, Xu T, et al. A contrastive pretrain model with prompt tuning for multi-center medication recommendation. ACM Trans Inf Syst. 2025;43(3):1–29.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhao Y, Wang P, Shi X. DKGM: a diffusion knowledge graph model for medication recommendation leveraging medical and drug information. In: 2025 IEEE 13th international conference on healthcare informatics (ICHI), 2025. IEEE; 2025, pp. 268–79.

Vaswani A, Shazeer N, Parmar N, Uszkoreit J, Jones L, Gomez AN, Kaiser Ł, Polosukhin I. Attention is all you need. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, 2017, vol. 30.

Yang C, Xiao C, Ma F, Glass L, Sun J. SafeDrug: dual molecular graph encoders for recommending effective and safe drug combinations. arXiv preprint; 2021. arXiv:2105.02711.

Johnson AE, Pollard TJ, Shen L, Lehman L-WH, Feng M, Ghassemi M, et al. Mimic-III, a freely accessible critical care database. Sci Data. 2016;3(1):1–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Johnson AE, Stone DJ, Celi LA, Pollard TJ. The MIMIC Code Repository: enabling reproducibility in critical care research. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018;25(1):32–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Goldberger AL, Glass L, Amaral LA, Hausdorff JM, Ivanov PC, Mark RG, et al. PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals. Circulation. 2000;101(23):215–20.

Article  Google Scholar