Akkız H, Gieseler RK, Canbay A (2024) Liver fibrosis: from basic science towards clinical progress, focusing on the central role of hepatic stellate cells. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147873

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anderson SE, Meade BJ, Long CM, Lukomska E, Marshall NB (2016) Investigations of immunotoxicity and allergic potential induced by topical application of triclosan in mice. J Immunotoxicol 13(2):165–172. https://doi.org/10.3109/1547691x.2015.1029146

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bai YM, Yang F, Luo P, Xie LL, Chen JH, Guan YD, Zhou HC, Xu TF, Hao HW, Chen B, Zhao JH, Liang CL, Dai LY, Geng QS, Wang JG (2023) Single-cell transcriptomic dissection of the cellular and molecular events underlying the triclosan-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Mil Med Res 10(1):7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-023-00441-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bera KK, Kumar S, Paul T, Prasad KP, Shukla SP, Kumar K (2020) Triclosan induces immunosuppression and reduces survivability of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus during the challenge to a fish pathogenic bacterium Edwardsiella tarda. Environ Res 186:109575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109575

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhargava HN, Leonard PA (1996) Triclosan: applications and safety. Am J Infect Control 24(3):209–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-6553(96)90017-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Mou L, Qu J, Wu L, Liu C (2023) Adverse effects of triclosan exposure on health and potential molecular mechanisms. Sci Total Environ 879:163068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163068

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fan B, Cheng C, Yang Y, Wang P, Xia H, Wu M, Li H, Manzoor Syed B, Liu Q (2024) Construction of an adverse outcome pathway framework based on integrated data to evaluate arsenic-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Environ Int 183:108381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108381

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fernando DH, Forbes JM, Angus PW, Herath CB (2019) Development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the role of advanced glycation end products. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205037

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hao Y, Meng L, Zhang Y et al (2022) Effects of chronic triclosan exposure on social behaviors in adult mice. J Hazard Mater 424(Pt C):127562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127562

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iwamoto K, Kanno K, Hyogo H, Yamagishi S, Takeuchi M, Tazuma S, Chayama K (2008) Advanced glycation end products enhance the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells. J Gastroenterol 43(4):298–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-007-2152-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jeong J, Gasparyan M, Choi J (2025) Advancing the quantitative understanding of adverse outcome pathways: current status, methodologies, and future directions. Environ Toxicol Chem 44(3):614–623. https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgae063

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiao X, Lai L, Sun B, Qian Y, Yang W (2025) The transcription factor mesenchyme homeobox 1 exacerbates hepatic fibrosis by transcriptional activation of connective tissue growth factor. Exp Cell Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114513

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kantal D, Kumar S, Shukla SP, Karmakar S, Jha AK, Singh AB, Kumar K (2024) Chronic toxicity of sediment-bound triclosan on freshwater walking catfish Clarias magur: organ level accumulation and selected enzyme biomarker responses. Environ Pollut 351:124108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124108

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karayi M, Yazhini C, Mukhopadhyay M, Neppolian B, Kanmani S, Chakraborty P (2024) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products contamination in the rivers of Chennai city during the COVID-19 pandemic. Environ Geochem Health 46(11):462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-024-02241-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim M, Kim SH, Choi JY, Park YJ (2023) Investigating fatty liver disease-associated adverse outcome pathways of perfluorooctane sulfonate using a systems toxicology approach. Food Chem Toxicol 176:113781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2023.113781

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koppen G, Govarts E, Vanermen G et al (2019) Mothers and children are related, even in exposure to chemicals present in common consumer products. Environ Res 175:297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.023

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kumar K, Sarkar P, Paul T, Shukla SP, Kumar S (2024) Ecotoxicological effects of triclosan on Lemna minor: bioconcentration, growth inhibition and oxidative stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 31(45):56550–56564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34944-w

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

LaLone CA, Ankley GT, Belanger SE et al (2017) Advancing the adverse outcome pathway framework-an international horizon scanning approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 36(6):1411–1421. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3805

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee WH, Bates EA, Kipp ZA, Pauss SN, Martinez GJ, Blair CA, Hinds TD Jr. (2025) Insulin receptor responsiveness governs TGFβ-induced hepatic stellate cell activation: insulin resistance instigates liver fibrosis. FASEB J 39(5):e70427. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202402169R

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lei Z, Tang R, Wu Y et al (2024) TGF-β1 induces PD-1 expression in macrophages through SMAD3/STAT3 cooperative signaling in chronic inflammation. JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.165544

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li A, Zhuang T, Song M et al (2023) Occurrence, placental transfer, and health risks of emerging endocrine-disrupting chemicals in pregnant women. J Hazard Mater 459:132157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132157

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li J, Fang L, Xi M et al (2024b) Toxic effects of triclosan on hepatic and intestinal lipid accumulation in zebrafish via regulation of m6A-RNA methylation. Aquat Toxicol 269:106884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106884

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li L, Zhou H, Li M et al (2025) Salvianolic acid B ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via inhibiting p300/CBP. Eur J Pharmacol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177495

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Z, Xian H, Ren X et al (2024a) Insights into Triclosan-Induced endocrine disruption: evidence from the national health and nutrition examination survey and zebrafish models. Environ Health (Wash) 2(7):424–440. https://doi.org/10.1021/envhealth.4c00045

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Xu F, Guo M, Song Y (2024a) Triclosan exposure causes abnormal bile acid metabolism through IL-1β-NF-κB-Fxr signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 284:116989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116989

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Zhang L, Xu F, Zhang P, Song Y (2024b) Chronic administration of triclosan leads to liver fibrosis through hepcidin-ferroportin axis-mediated iron overload. J Environ Sci (China) 137:144–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.004

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moore MM, Schoeny RS, Becker RA, White K, Pottenger LH (2018) Development of an adverse outcome pathway for chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma: case study of AFB1, a human carcinogen with a mutagenic mode of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 48(4):312–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2017.1423462

Article  CAS  PubMed