Akhtar S, Hourani S, Therachiyil L et al (2022) Epigenetic regulation of cancer stem cells by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Semin Cancer Biol 83:177–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.014

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2008) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food—scientific opinion of the panel on contaminants in the food chain. EFSA J 6(8):724. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2008.724

Article  Google Scholar 

Bai X, Wei H, Liu W et al (2022) Cigarette smoke promotes colorectal cancer through modulation of gut microbiota and related metabolites. Gut 71(12):2439–2450. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325021

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Botteri E, Borroni E, Sloan EK et al (2020) Smoking and colorectal cancer risk, overall and by molecular subtypes: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 115(12):1940–1949. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000803

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H et al (2024) Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 74(3):229–263. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21834

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bukowska B, Mokra K, Michałowicz J (2022) Benzo[a]pyrene-environmental occurrence, human exposure, and mechanisms of toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 23(11):6348. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116348

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Byun J, Han Y, Li Y et al (2022) Cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis of 61,047 cases and 947,237 controls identifies new susceptibility loci contributing to lung cancer. Nat Genet 54(8):1167–1177. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01115-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chatterjee A, Gupta S (2018) The multifaceted role of glutathione S-transferases in cancer. Cancer Lett 433:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.028

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheng T, Lam AK, Gopalan V (2021) Diet derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its pathogenic roles in colorectal carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 168:103522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103522

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cui J, Li G, Yin J et al (2020) GSTP1 and cancer: expression, methylation, polymorphisms and signaling (review). Int J Oncol 56(4):867–878. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.4979

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dang DT, Chen F, Kohli M et al (2005) Glutathione S-transferase π1 promotes tumorigenicity in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Res 65(20):9485–9494. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1930

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Das DN, Ravi N (2022) Influences of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on the epigenome toxicity and its applicability in human health risk assessment. Environ Res 213:113677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113677

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

den Hartigh LJ, Lamé MW, Ham W et al (2010) Endotoxin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient fine particulate matter from Fresno, California initiate human monocyte inflammatory responses mediated by reactive oxygen species. Toxicol In Vitro Int J Publ Assoc BIBRA 24(7):1993–2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2010.08.017

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Du M, Gu D, Xin J et al (2023) Integrated multi-omics approach to distinct molecular characterization and classification of early-onset colorectal cancer. Cell Rep Med 4(3):100974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100974

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Du M, Xin J, Zheng R et al (2024) CYP2A6 activity and cigarette consumption interact in smoking-related lung cancer susceptibility. Cancer Res 84(4):616–625. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-23-0900

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ewa B, Danuta M-Š (2017) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PAH-related DNA adducts. J Appl Genet 58(3):321–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-016-0380-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Timofeeva M, Chen Z et al (2023) Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries. Nat Genet 55(1):89–99. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01222-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferrucci LM, Cross AJ, Gunter MJ et al (2010) Xenobiotic metabolizing genes, meat-related exposures, and risk of advanced colorectal adenoma. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics 3:170–181. https://doi.org/10.1159/000324351

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Figueroa JD, Malats N, García-Closas M et al (2008) Bladder cancer risk and genetic variation in AKR1C3 and other metabolizing genes. Carcinogenesis 29(10):1955–1962. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgn163

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fujikawa Y, Nampo T, Mori M et al (2018) Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and its analogue as substrates for Pi-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) and their biological application. Talanta 179:845–852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.010

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gu D, Li S, Ben S et al (2018) Circadian clock pathway genes associated with colorectal cancer risk and prognosis. Arch Toxicol 92(8):2681–2689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-018-2251-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guan B, Liu Y, Xie B et al (2024) Mitochondrial genome transfer drives metabolic reprogramming in adjacent colonic epithelial cells promoting TGFβ1-mediated tumor progression. Nat Commun 15(1):3653. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48100-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gunter MJ, Divi RL, Kulldorff M et al (2007) Leukocyte polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adduct formation and colorectal adenoma. Carcinogenesis 28(7):1426–1429. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgm022

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Helmink BA, Reddy SM, Gao J et al (2020) B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response. Nature 577(7791):549–555. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1922-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hernandez DF, Mojica L, Cervantes EL et al (2024) Common bean polyphenolic enriched extracts decrease reactive oxygen species induced by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Hs27 and Hs68 human fibroblasts. Food Chem 459:140371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140371

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lappalainen T, Li YI, Ramachandran S et al (2024) Genetic and molecular architecture of complex traits. Cell 187(5):1059–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.023

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li N, Lu B, Luo C et al (2021) Incidence, mortality, survival, risk factor and screening of colorectal cancer: a comparison among China, Europe, and northern America. Cancer Lett 522:255–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.034

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin W-S, Cheng W-C, Ho P-Y et al (2023) Regulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by 5-demethylnobiletin and nobiletin to mitigate benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem 71(40):14604–14614. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03347

Article  CAS  PubMed