Almeida JR, Resende LM, Watanabe RK et al (2017) Snake venom peptides and low mass proteins: molecular tools and therapeutic agents. Curr Med Chem 24(30):3254–3282. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666161028155611
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Alves RM, Antonucci GA, Paiva HH et al (2008) Evidence of caspase-mediated apoptosis induced by l-amino acid oxidase isolated from Bothrops atrox snake venom. Comp Biochem Physiol Mol Integr Physiol 151(4):542–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.07.007
Avella I, Schulte L, Damm M et al (2025) Venomics of the Arabian saw-scaled Viper (Echis coloratus) through transcriptome-guided proteomics and in vitro functional profiling. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 19(8):e0013439. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013439
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH, Bawaskar PH (2021) The global burden of snake bite envenoming. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 51(1):7–8. https://doi.org/10.4997/jrcpe.2021.102
Bhargava S, Kumari K, Sarin RK, Singh R (2020) First-hand knowledge about snakes and snake-bite management: an urgent need. Nagoya J Med Sci 82(4):763–774. https://doi.org/10.18999/nagjms.82.4.763
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bittenbinder MA, van Thiel J, Cardoso FC et al (2024) Tissue damaging toxins in snake venoms: mechanisms of action, pathophysiology and treatment strategies. Commun Biol 7(1):358. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06019-6
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bourke LA, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Mancuso M et al (2025) Venom versatility: dynamic anticoagulant and procoagulant variations between and within Bothrocophias (toad-head) and basal Bothrops (lance-head) pit vipers. Biochimie 237:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2025.07.001
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cavalcante JS, Brito I, De Oliveira LA et al (2022) Experimental Bothrops atrox envenomation: blood plasma proteome effects after local tissue damage and perspectives on thromboinflammation. Toxins (Basel) 14(9):613. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090613
Cavalcante JS, de Almeida DEG, Santos-Filho NA et al (2023) Crosstalk of inflammation and coagulation in Bothrops snakebite envenoming: endogenous signaling pathways and pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 24(14):11508. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411508
Chang LS, Wu PF, Lin J (1996) cDNA sequence analysis and expression of cardiotoxins from Taiwan Cobra. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 219(1):116–121. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1996.0191
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chowdhury A, Zdenek CN, Dobson JS, Bourke LA, Soria R, Fry BG (2021a) Clinical implications of differential procoagulant toxicity of the Palearctic Viperid genus Macrovipera, and the relative neutralization efficacy of antivenoms and enzyme inhibitors. Toxicol Lett 340:77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.019
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chowdhury A, Zdenek CN, Lewin MR et al (2021b) Venom-Induced blood disturbances by palearctic viperid snakes, and their relative neutralization by antivenoms and enzyme-inhibitors. Front Immunol 12:688802. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.688802
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chowdhury A, Lewin MR, Carter RW, Casewell NR, Fry BG (2022a) Keel venom: rhabdophis subminiatus (Red-Necked Keelback) venom pathophysiologically affects diverse blood clotting pathways. Toxicon 218:19–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.017
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chowdhury A, Zdenek CN, Fry BG (2022b) Diverse and dynamic alpha-neurotoxicity within venoms from the palearctic viperid snake clade of Daboia, Macrovipera, Montivipera, and Vipera. Neurotox Res 40(6):1793–1801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-022-00572-w
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Costal-Oliveira F, Stransky S, Guerra-Duarte C et al (2019) L-amino acid oxidase from Bothrops atrox snake venom triggers autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in normal human keratinocytes. Sci Rep 9(1):781. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37435-4
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Damm M, Karış M, Petras D, Nalbantsoy A, Göçmen B, Süssmuth RD (2024) Venomics and peptidomics of palearctic vipers: a clade-wide analysis of seven taxa of the genera Vipera, Montivipera, Macrovipera, and Daboia across Türkiye. J Proteome Res 23(8):3524–3541. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00171
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dash A, Kerketta S, Mallick G, Menon J, Kanungo S, Pati S (2025) Digital health intervention in snakebite management: scoping review. J Med Internet Res 27:e71378. https://doi.org/10.2196/71378
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
de Silva HA, Ryan NM, de Silva HJ (2016) Adverse reactions to snake antivenom, and their prevention and treatment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 81(3):446–452. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12739
Faisal T, Tan KY, Tan NH, Sim SM, Gnanathasan CA, Tan CH (2021) Proteomics, toxicity and antivenom neutralization of Sri Lankan and Indian russell’s Viper (Daboia russelii) venoms. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 27:e20200177. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0177
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fernandes CFC, Pereira SS, Luiz MB et al (2021) Engineering of single-domain antibodies for next-generation snakebite antivenoms. Int J Biol Macromol 185:240–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.043
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fu X, Li S, Jia M, Yang W, Hu P (2023) Induction of skeletal muscle injury by intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin in mouse. Bio Protoc 13(9):e4668. https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.4668
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fu K, Zhao J, Zhong L et al (2024) Dual therapy with phospholipase and metalloproteinase inhibitors from Sinonatrix annularis alleviated acute kidney and liver injury caused by multiple snake venoms. Biomed Pharmacother 177:116967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116967
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gamulin E, Mateljak Lukačević S, Halassy B, Kurtović T (2023) Snake antivenoms-toward better understanding of the administration route. Toxins (Basel) 15(6):398. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15060398
Gamulin E, Mateljak Lukačević S, Lang Balija M et al (2025) Pharmacokinetics of snake antivenom following intravenous and intramuscular administration in envenomed large animal model. Pharmaceutics 17(2):212. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17020212
Gao Q, Teng Y, Xiao C et al (2025) Epidemiological investigation of venomous snakebites in Yunnan Province. Front Toxicol 7:1609487. https://doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2025.1609487
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ghezellou P, Albuquerque W, Garikapati V et al (2021) Integrating Top-Down and Bottom-Up mass spectrometric strategies for proteomic profiling of Iranian saw-scaled viper, Echis carinatus sochureki, venom. J Proteome Res 20(1):895–908. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00687
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gutiérrez JM, Calvete JJ, Habib AG, Harrison RA, Williams DJ, Warrell DA (2017) Snakebite envenoming. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3:17063. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.63
Hao W, He L, Song X et al (2024) Spatial accessibility analysis of snake antivenom. Int J Public Health 69:1606903. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2024.1606903
Harrison RA, Hargreaves A, Wagstaff SC, Faragher B, Lalloo DG (2009) Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3(12):e569. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000569
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Huang HW, Liu BS, Chien KY et al (2015) Cobra venom proteome and glycome determined from individual snakes of Naja atra reveal medically important dynamic range and systematic geographic variation. J Proteom 128:92–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.015
Hung CC, Huang KF, Chiou SH (1994) Characterization of one novel venom protease with beta-fibrinogenase ac
Comments (0)