B.C.G. declares research support from MSD, Taiho, Gilead and Adagene. B.C.G. is the principal investigator for clinical trials with Bayer healthcare, Alx pharmaceuticals, Boehinger Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer and MSD. B.B.Y.M. is an advisory board member and receives speaker’s honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Serono, MSD and Novartis, and is a consultant for Y-Biologics. W.-Q.C. declares research funding from MSD, honoraria from MSD and Ipsen, consulting fees from Merck, Diethelm, KellerSiberHegner and Junshi Biosciences. K.W.C. declares no competing interests.