Morgan E, Arnold M, Camargo MC, Gini A, Kunzmann AT, Matsuda T, et al. The current and future incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in 185 countries, 2020–40: a population-based modelling study. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;47:101404.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Menon G, El-Nakeep S, Babiker H. Gastric Cancer. StatPearls [Internet]: Treasure Island; 2025.
American Cancer Society. What Is Stomach Cancer? 2021. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/about/what-is-stomach-cancer.html. Accessed 6 May 2025
Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma. Nature. 2014;513(7517):202–9.
Ajani JA, D’Amico TA, Bentrem DJ, Corvera CU, Das P, Enzinger PC, et al. Gastric cancer, version 2.2025 NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2025;23(5):169–91.
Lordick F, Carneiro F, Cascinu S, Fleitas T, Haustermans K, Piessen G, et al. Gastric cancer: ESMO clinical practice guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(10):1005–20.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Ajani JA, D’Amico TA, Bentrem DJ, Cooke D, Corvera C, Das P, et al. Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers, version 2.2023, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2023;21(4):393–422.
Buas MF, Vaughan TL. Epidemiology and risk factors for gastroesophageal junction tumors: understanding the rising incidence of this disease. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2013;23(1):3–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xia JY, Aadam AA. Advances in screening and detection of gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2022;125(7):1104–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Farinati F, Pelizzaro F. Gastric cancer screening in Western countries: a call to action. Dig Liver Dis. 2024;56(10):1653–62.
Sexton RE, Al Hallak MN, Diab M, Azmi AS. Gastric cancer: a comprehensive review of current and future treatment strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2020;39(4):1179–203.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Necula L, Matei L, Dragu D, Neagu AI, Mambet C, Nedeianu S, et al. Recent advances in gastric cancer early diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(17):2029–44.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Van Cutsem E, Moiseyenko VM, Tjulandin S, Majlis A, Constenla M, Boni C, et al. Phase III study of docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer: a report of the V325 Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(31):4991–7.
Smyth EC, Nilsson M, Grabsch HI, van Grieken NC, Lordick F. Gastric cancer. Lancet. 2020;396(10251):635–48.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Narita Y, Muro K. Updated immunotherapy for gastric cancer. J Clin Med. 2023;12(7):2636.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) [prescribing information]. Rahway, NJ Merck & Co. 06/2025.
OPDIVO® (nivolumab) [prescribing information] Princeton, NJ: Bristol Myers Squibb. 05/2025.
European Medicines Agency. Opdivo (nivolumab) Summary of Product Characteristics. 2025.
European Medicines Agency. Keytruda (pembrolizumab) Summary of Product Characteristics. 2025.
Eom SS, Ryu KW, Han HS, Kong SH. A comprehensive and comparative review of global gastric cancer treatment guidelines: 2024 update. J Gastric Cancer. 2025;25(1):153–76.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lordick F, Candia Montero L, Castelo-Branco L, Pentheroudakis G, Sessa C, E. S. ESMO Gastric Cancer Living Guideline (version 1.4 Sep 2024) [Internet]. Lugano: European Society for Medical Oncology; 2024 []. Available from: https://www.esmo.org/guidelines/living-guidelines/esmo-living-guideline-gastric-cancer/metastatic-disease/first-line-for-her2-negative. Accessed 12 June 2025.
TEVIMBRA® (tislelizumab-jsgr) [prescribing information]. Pennington, NJ, BeOne Medicines, Ltd. 04/2025.
European Medicines Agency. Tevimbra (tislelizumab) Summary of Product Characteristics. 2025.
Qiu MZ, Oh DY, Kato K, Arkenau T, Tabernero J, Correa MC, et al. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy as first line treatment for advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: RATIONALE-305 randomised, double blind, phase 3 trial. BMJ. 2024;385:e078876.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Moehler M, Oh DY, Kato K, Tabernero J, Cruz-Correa M, Wyrwicz L, et al. Tislelizumab (TIS) plus chemotherapy (CT) vs placebo (PBO) plus CT in HER2-negative advanced or metastatic gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC): PD-L1 biomarker analysis from RATIONALE-305. Ann Oncol 2024;35:S160–61.
Moehler M, Oh D-Y, Kato K, Arkenau T, Tabernero J, Lee K-W, et al. First-line tislelizumab plus chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with programmed death-ligand 1 expression ≥ 1%: a retrospective analysis of RATIONALE-305. Adv Ther. 2025;42:2248–68.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Higgins JPT TJ, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2 Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons; 2021 [updated February 20212024]. Available from: www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;134:103–12.
Dias S, Welton NJ, Sutton AJ, Ades A. NICE DSU technical support document 2: a generalised linear modelling framework for pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. 2014. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310366/. Accessed 26 Sept 2025.
Salanti G, Ades A, Ioannidis JP. Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(2):163–71.
Cai T, Liang L, Zhao X, Lin C, Li D, Zheng J. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of first-line treatments for untreated, HER2-negative, advanced gastric cancer: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2024;193:104216.
Zhang W, Guo K, Zheng S. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis based on specific PD-L1 CPS. Curr Oncol. 2025;32(2):112.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fan L, Lu N, Zhang L, Zhang J, Li J, Cui M, et al. First-line treatment options for advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer patients with PD-L1-positive: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg. 2023;85(6):2875–83.
Fei S, Lu Y, Chen J, Qi J, Wu W, Wang B, et al. Efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in first-line treatment for advanced gastroesophageal junction and gastric cancer by subgroups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chemotherapy. 2023;68(4):197–209.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Dettori JR, Norvell DC, Chapman JR. Fixed-effect vs random-effects models for meta-analysis: 3 points to consider. Glob Spine J. 2022;12(7):1624–6.
Haiderali A, Huang M, Pan W, Akers KG, Maciel D, Frederickson AM. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy for first-line treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Future Oncol. 2024;20(22):1587–600.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Shitara K, Van Cutsem E, Bang YJ, Fuchs C, Wyrwicz L, Lee KW, et al. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone for patients with first-line, advanced gastric cancer: the KEYNOTE-062 phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(10):1571–80.
Shitara K, Ajani JA, Moehler M, Garrido M, Gallardo C, Shen L, et al. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy or ipilimumab in gastro-oesophageal cancer. Nature. 2022;603(7903):942–8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Rha SY, Oh DY, Yanez P, Bai Y, Ryu MH, Lee J, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy for HER2-negative advanced gastric cancer (KEYNOTE-859): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24(11):1181–95.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Kang YK, Chen LT, Ryu MH, Oh DY, Oh SC, Chung HC, et al. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative, untreated, unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ATTRACTION-4): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022;23(2):234–47.
Comments (0)