Roden M, Shulman GI. The integrative biology of type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2019;576:51–60.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bellou V, Belbasis L, Tzoulaki I, Evangelou E. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: an exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:194–227.
Younes AH, Mustafa YF. Novel coumarins from green sweet bell pepper seeds: their isolation, characterization, oxidative stress-mitigating, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. J Mol Struct. 2024;1312:138–629.
Zhang H, Colclough K, Gloyn AL, Pollin TI. Monogenic diabetes: A gateway to precision medicine in diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2021;131:76–82.
Ellison DL, Moran HR. Vitamin D: vitamin or hormone? Nurs Clin North Am. 2020;56:47–57.
Delrue C, Speeckaert R, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM. The role of vitamin D in diabetic nephropathy: a translational approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:807–50.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vondra K, Hampl R. Vitamin D and new insights into pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2021;42:203–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Senyigit A. The association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency and diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13:1381–6.
Mustafa YF. Role of fruit-derived antioxidants in fighting cancer: A narrative review. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-025-01310-7.
Huldani H, Kozlitina IA, Alshahrani M, Daabo HMA, Almalki SG, Oudaha KH, et al. Exosomes derived from adipose stem cells in combination with hyaluronic acid promote diabetic wound healing. Tissue Cell. 2023;85:102–252.
Nakhoul N, Thawko T, Farber E, Dahan I, Tadmor H, Nakhoul R, et al. The therapeutic effect of active vitamin D supplementation in preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy in a diabetic mouse model. J Diabetes Res. 2020;20:7907–8605.
Mukhtar M, Sheikh N, Suqaina SK, Batool A, Fatima N, Mehmood R, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism: an important predictor of arthritis development. Biomed Res Int. 2019;20:8326–9246.
Nabil IK, Mahmud Z, Tamanna S, Rahman MM, Rashid G, Hossain MS, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism rs2228570 (FokI) are associated with an increased susceptibility to hypertension among the Bangladeshi population. PLoS ONE. 2024;19:297–138.
El Gendy HI, Sadik NA, Helmy MY, Rashed LA. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and 25 (OH) vitamin D: lack of association to glycemic control and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. J Clin Transl Endocr. 2019;15:25–9.
Ahmad E, Lim S, Lamptey R, Webb D, Davies M. Type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2022;400:1803–20.
Ong KL, Stafford LK, McLaughlin SA, Boyko EJ, Vollset SE, Smith AE, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2023;402:203–34.
Lu Y, Liu D, Feng Q, Liu Z. Diabetic nephropathy: perspective on extracellular vesicles. Front Immunol. 2020;11:943–8.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kobayashi H, Looker HC, Satake E, D’Addio F, Wilson JM, Saulnier PJ, et al. Neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 is a circulating protein associated with progression to end-stage kidney disease in diabetes. Sci Transl Med. 2022;14:2109–90.
Schultes B, Emmerich S, Kistler AD, Mecheri B, Schnell O, Rudofsky G. Impact of albumin-to-creatinine ratio point-of-care testing on the diagnosis and management of Diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2023;17:428–38.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kafentzi T, Tsounis EP, Tourkochristou E, Avramopoulou E, Aggeletopoulou I, Geramoutsos G, et al. Genetic polymorphisms (Apai, Foki, Bsmi, and Taqi) of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) influence the natural history and phenotype of crohn’s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26:1848–65.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gendy HIE, Sadik NA, Helmy MY, Rashed LA. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and 25(OH) vitamin D: lack of association to glycemic control and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2019;15:25–9.
Sun H, Long SR, Li X, Ge H, Liu X, Wang T, et al. Serum vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in a Chinese rural population. Nutr Res. 2019;61:13–21.
Al Mheid I, Quyyumi AA. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: controversy unresolved. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:89–100.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zomorodian SA, Shafiee M, Karimi Z, Masjedi F, Roshanshad A. Assessment of the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22:171–240.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wee CL, Azemi AK, Mokhtar SS, Yahaya S, Yaacob NS, Rasool AHG. Vitamin D deficiency enhances vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiotensin II levels in the microcirculation of diabetic patients. Microvasc Res. 2023;150:104–574.
Ata AA. Vitamin D receptor FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism in diabetic patients. Zagazig Univ Med J. 2024;30:777–85.
Elhuseiny AE, Ezz MK, Mohamed AI, Hassan EA. Association study of vitamin D deficiency and its receptor gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy. Egypt J Pure Appl Sci. 2024;62:18–34.
Angel B, Lera L, Márquez C, Albala C. The association of VDR polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in older people living in community in Santiago de Chile. Nutr Diabetes. 2018;8:31–6.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Safar HA, Chehadeh SEH, Abdel-Wareth L, Haq A, Jelinek HF, ElGhazali G, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms among Emirati patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;175:119–24.
Malecki MT, Frey J, Moczulski D, Klupa T, Kozek E, Sieradzki J. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and association with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Polish population. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2003;111:505–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hong S-h, Kim YB, Choi HS, Jeong T-D, Kim JT, Sung YA. Association of vitamin D deficiency with diabetic nephropathy. Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36:106–13.
Tran Huu TT, Tran HD, Tran TN, Hoang BB. Relationship between vitamin D status and the relevant parameters of glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:2489–94.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Helaly MA, El-Baz A, Mahsoub N. Does vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy in egyptian diabetic patients? Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2020;25:19354–60.
Apaydın M, Beysel S, Eyerci N, Pinarli FA, Ulubay M, Kizilgul M, et al. The VDR gene FokI polymorphism is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in Turkish women. BMC Med Genet. 2019;20:82–69.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mo M-Q, Pan L, Tan L, Jiang L, Pan Y-Q, Li F-J, et al. Association between VDR gene FokI polymorphism and renal function in patients with IgA nephropathy. PeerJ. 2019;7:70–92.
Comments (0)