Joo SK, Kim W (2023) Interaction between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 29(Suppl):S68–S78. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2022.0358

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yuan S, Larsson SC (2023) Epidemiology of sarcopenia: prevalence, risk factors, and consequences. Metabolism 144:155533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155533

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Okubo T, Atsukawa M, Tsubota A, Yoshida Y, Arai T, Iwashita AN, Itokawa N, Kondo C, Iwakiri K (2020) Relationship between serum vitamin D level and sarcopenia in chronic liver disease. Hepatol Res 50(5):588–597. https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.13485

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saeki C, Kanai T, Nakano M, Oikawa T, Torisu Y, Saruta M, Tsubota A (2020) Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels are related to frailty and sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123810

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tandon P, Montano-Loza AJ, Lai JC, Dasarathy S, Merli M (2021) Sarcopenia and frailty in decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol 75 Suppl(Suppl 1):S147–S162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.025

Article  Google Scholar 

Tantai X, Liu Y, Yeo YH, Praktiknjo M, Mauro E, Hamaguchi Y, Engelmann C, Zhang P, Jeong JY, van Vugt JLA, Xiao H, Deng H, Gao X, Ye Q, Zhang J, Yang L, Cai Y, Liu Y, Liu N, Li Z, Han T, Kaido T, Sohn JH, Strassburg C, Berg T, Trebicka J, Hsu YC, JNM IJ, Wang J, Su GL, Ji F, Nguyen MH (2022) Effect of sarcopenia on survival in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol 76(3):588–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lai JC, Tandon P, Bernal W, Tapper EB, Ekong U, Dasarathy S, Carey EJ (2021) Malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis: 2021 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology 74(3):1611–1644. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.32049

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mizuno T, Hosoyama T, Tomida M, Yamamoto Y, Nakamichi Y, Kato S, Kawai-Takaishi M, Ishizuka S, Nishita Y, Tange C, Shimokata H, Imagama S, Otsuka R (2022) Influence of vitamin D on sarcopenia pathophysiology: a longitudinal study in humans and basic research in knockout mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13(6):2961–2973. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13102

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bollen SE, Bass JJ, Fujita S, Wilkinson D, Hewison M, Atherton PJ (2022) The Vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Cell Signal 96:110355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110355

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vashi PG, Trukova K, Lammersfeld CA, Braun DP, Gupta D (2010) Impact of oral vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in oncology. Nutr J 9:60. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-9-60

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ravaioli F, Pivetti A, Di Marco L, Chrysanthi C, Frassanito G, Pambianco M, Sicuro C, Gualandi N, Guasconi T, Pecchini M, Colecchia A (2022) Role of vitamin D in liver disease and complications of advanced chronic liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169016

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Luo J, Quan Z, Lin S, Cui L (2018) The association between blood concentration of 25- hydroxyvitamin D and sarcopenia: a meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 27(6):1258–1270. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.201811_27(6).0013

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kupisz-Urbańska M, Płudowski P, Marcinowska-Suchowierska E (2021) Vitamin D deficiency in older patients-problems of sarcopenia, drug interactions, management in deficiency. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041247

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wei J, Zhu A, Ji JS (2019) A comparison study of vitamin D deficiency among older adults in china and the United States. Sci Rep 9(1):19713. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56297-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1994) Plan and operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94. Vital and Health Statistics Series 1, No. 32. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_01/sr01_032.pdf

Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Younossi Y, Golabi P, Mishra A, Rafiq N, Henry L (2020) Epidemiology of chronic liver diseases in the USA in the past three decades. Gut 69(3):564–568. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318813

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang J, Fan J, Yang Y, Moazzen S, Chen D, Sun L, He F, Li Y (2022) Vitamin D status and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in osteoarthritis patients: results from NHANES III and NHANES 2001–2018. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214629

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ramasamy I (2020) Vitamin D metabolism and guidelines for vitamin D supplementation. Clin Biochem Rev 41(3):103–126. https://doi.org/10.33176/aacb-20-00006

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pludowski P, Holick MF, Grant WB, Konstantynowicz J, Wimalawansa SJ (2017) Vitamin D supplementation guidelines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 175:125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.021

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM, Sieber CC, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Visser M, Zamboni M (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48(4):601. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz046

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Van Dongen C, Paik JM, Harring M, Younossi Y, Price JK, Kabbara K, Golabi P, Younossi ZM (2022) Sarcopenia, healthy living, and mortality in patients with chronic liver diseases. Hepatol Commun 6(11):3140–3153. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.2061

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Morley JE, Newman AB, Abellan van Kan G, Andrieu S, Bauer J, Breuille D, Cederholm T, Chandler J, De Meynard C, Donini L, Harris T, Kannt A, Keime Guibert F, Onder G, Papanicolaou D, Rolland Y, Rooks D, Sieber C, Souhami E, Verlaan S, Zamboni M (2011) Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 12(4):249–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2011.01.003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K, Jang HC, Kang L, Kim M, Kim S, Kojima T, Kuzuya M, Lee JSW, Lee SY, Lee WJ, Lee Y, Liang CK, Lim JY, Lim WS, Peng LN, Sugimoto K, Tanaka T, Won CW, Yamada M, Zhang T, Akishita M, Arai H (2020) Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc 21(3):300–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schreiner AD, Zhang J, Moran WP, Koch DG, Marsden J, Livingston S, Mauldin PD, Gebregziabher M (2023) FIB-4 and incident severe liver outcomes in patients with undiagnosed chronic liver disease: a fine-gray competing risk analysis. Liver Int 43(1):170–179. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15295

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fadeyev K, Nagao-Sato S, Reicks M (2021) Nutrient and food group intakes among U.S. children (2–5 years) differ by family income to poverty ratio, NHANES 2011–2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211938

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koemel NA, Senior AM, Celermajer DS, Grech A, Gill TP, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D, Skilton MR (2023) Multi-nutrient analysis of dietary macronutrients with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: data from NHANES 1999–2014. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020345

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yi Y, Wang C, Ding Y, He J, Lv Y, Chang Y (2023) Diet was less significant than physical activity in the prognosis of people with sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 14:1101892. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1101892

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beddhu S, Baird BC, Zitterkoph J, Neilson J, Greene T (2009) Physical activity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (NHANES III). Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4(12):1901–1906. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.01970309

Article