Aldini G, de Courten B, Regazzoni L, Gilardoni E, Ferrario G, Baron G, Altomare A, D’Amato A, Vistoli G, Carini M (2021) Understanding the antioxidant and carbonyl sequestering activity of carnosine: direct and indirect mechanisms. Free Radic Res 55:321–330

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anderson ML, Chiswell K, Peterson ED, Tasneem A, Topping J, Califf RM (2015) Compliance with results reporting at ClinicalTrials.gov. N Engl J Med 372:1031–1039

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aslam A, Imanullah S, Asim M, El-Menyar A (2013) Registration of clinical trials: is it really needed? N Am J Med Sci 5:713–715

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boldyrev AA, Aldini G, Derave W (2013) Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine. Physiol Rev 93:1803–1845

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Breil T, Boettcher M, Hoffmann GF, Ries M (2018) Publication status of completed registered studies in paediatric appendicitis: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 8:e021684. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021684

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brings S, Fleming T, De Buhr S, Beijer B, Lindner T, Wischnjow A, Kender Z, Peters V, Kopf S, Haberkorn U et al (2017) A scavenger peptide prevents methylglyoxal induced pain in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:654–662

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Caruso G (2022) Unveiling the hidden therapeutic potential of carnosine, a molecule with a multimodal mechanism of action: a position paper. Molecules 27(10):3303. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103303

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cesak O, Vostalova J, Vidlar A, Bastlova P, Student V Jr (2023) Carnosine and beta-alanine supplementation in human medicine: narrative review and critical assessment. Nutrients 15(7):1770. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071770

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

De Brandt J, Derave W, Vandenabeele F, Pomiès P, Blancquaert L, Keytsman C, Barusso-Grüninger MS, de Lima FF, Hayot M, Spruit MA, Burtin C (2022) Efficacy of 12 weeks oral beta-alanine supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13(5):2361–2372

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Camargo JBB, Brigatto FA, Zaroni RS, Germano MD, Souza D, Bacurau RF, Marchetti PH, Braz TV, Aoki MS, Lopes CR (2023) Does beta-alanine supplementation enhance adaptations to resistance training? A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Biol Sport 40:217–224

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Jager S, Blancquaert L, Van der Stede T, Lievens E, De Baere S, Croubels S, Gilardoni E, Regazzoni LG, Aldini G, Bourgois JG et al (2022) The ergogenic effect of acute carnosine and anserine supplementation: dosing, timing, and underlying mechanism. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 19:70–91

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Feehan J, Hariharan R, Buckenham T, Handley C, Bhatnagar A, Baba SP, de Courten B (2022) Carnosine as a potential therapeutic for the management of peripheral vascular disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 32:2289–2296

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hajimoradi S, Hassanpour S, Vazir B (2023) Maternal supplementation of L-carnosine improves reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring. Neurosci Lett 807:137266

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hou W, Chen HJ, Lin YH (2003) Antioxidant peptides with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities and applications for angiotensin converting enzyme purification. J Agric Food Chem 51:1706–17093

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Juneja A, Gupta J, Yadav N, Sharma S, Panchal Y, Adhikari T, Rao MVV (2019) An overview of primary registries of WHO’s international clinical trial registry platform. Ayu 40:141–146

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Menon K, de Courten B, Magliano DJ, Ademi Z, Liew D, Zomer E (2022) The cost-effectiveness of supplemental carnosine in type 2 diabetes. Nutrients 14:215. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010215

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meyburg J, Ries M (2020) Publication bias in pediatric emergence delirium: a cross-sectional analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov and ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu. BMJ Open 10:e037346

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Modafferi S, Ries M, Calabrese V, Schmitt CP, Nawroth P, Kopf S, Peters V (2019) Clinical trials on diabetic nephropathy: a cross-sectional analysis. Diabetes Ther 10:229–243

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Peters V, Yard B, Schmitt CP (2020) Carnosine and diabetic nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 27:1801–1812. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190326111851

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rašković A, Martić N, Zaklan D, Duborija-Kovačević N, Vujčić M, Andrejić-Višnjić B, Čapo I, Mijović R, Krga M, Pavlović N et al (2023) Antihyperlipidemic potential of dietary supplementation with carnosine in high-fat diet-fed rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 27:1083–1094

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schön M, Just I, Krumpolec P, Blažíček P, Valkovič L, Aldini G, Tsai CL, De Courten B, Krššák M, Ukropcová B et al (2023) Supplementation-induced change in muscle carnosine is paralleled by changes in muscle metabolism, protein glycation and reactive carbonyl species sequestering. Physiol Res 72:87–97

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Solana-Manrique C, Sanz FJ, Martínez-Carrión G, Paricio N (2022) Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of carnosine: therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidants 11:848. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050848

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Song F, Parekh S, Hooper L, Loke YK, Ryder J, Sutton AJ, Hing C, Kwok CS, Pang C, Harvey I (2010) Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases. Health Technol Assess (Winchester, England) 14:1–193

Google Scholar 

Spaas J, Van Noten P, Keytsman C, Nieste I, Blancquaert L, Derave W, Eijnde BO (2021) Carnosine and skeletal muscle dysfunction in a rodent multiple sclerosis model. Amino Acids 53:1749–1761

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tran G, Harker M, Chiswell K, Unger JM, Fleury ME, Hirsch B, Miller K, d’Almada P, Tibbs S, Zafar SY (2020) Feasibility of cancer clinical trial enrollment goals based on cancer incidence. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 4:35–49

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Venugopal N, Saberwal G (2021) A comparative analysis of important public clinical trial registries, and a proposal for an interim ideal one. PLoS ONE 16:e0251191

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Weigand T, Singler B, Fleming T, Nawroth P, Klika KD, Thiel C, Baelde H, Garbade SF, Wagner AH, Hecker M et al (2018) Carnosine catalyzes the formation of the oligo/polymeric products of methylglyoxal. Cell Physiol Biochem 46:713–726

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar