High Density Lipoprotein Assessment Revisited: A Review of Foundational Understanding and Recent Developments in Function, Particle Size, and Cardiometabolic Impact

Darabi M, Kontush A. High-density lipoproteins (HDL): Novel function and therapeutic applications. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) -. Mol Cell Biology Lipids. 2022;1867(1):159058.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Garg RK, Arora RC, Agarwal N. High density lipoprotein. J Assoc Physicians India. 1991;39(3):269–71.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ertek S. High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) Dysfunction and the Future of HDL. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2018;16(5):490–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Navdaev AV, Sborgi L, Wright SD, Didichenko SA. Nascent HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Discs Carry Cholesterol to HDL Spheres. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020;40(5):1182–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ronsein GE, Heinecke JW. Time to ditch HDL-C as a measure of HDL function? Curr Opin Lipidol. 2017;28(5):414–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de Miranda Teixeira R, Cruz de Sá N, Paula Caires dos Santos A, Rocha Anjos Silva V et al. Christine de Magalhães Cabral Albuquerque E, Claudio Lemos Correia L,. HDL Particle Size and Functionality Comparison between Patients with and without Confirmed Acute Myocardial Infarction. 2019; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3074602

Lappegård KT, Kjellmo CA, Hovland A. biomedicines High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions: Much Ado about Nothing or Clinically Important? 2021; Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070836

Pérez-Méndez Ó, Pacheco HG, Martínez-Sánchez C, Franco M. HDL-cholesterol in coronary artery disease risk: Function or structure? Clin Chim Acta. 2014;429:111–22.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Phillips MC. High density lipoprotein structure. Front Biosci. 2003;8(4):1077.

Article  Google Scholar 

Stadler JT, Marsche G. Molecular Sciences Obesity-Related Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms

Cordero A, Muñoz-García N, Padró T, Vilahur G, Bertomeu-González V, Escribano D, HDL Function and Size in Patients with On-Target LDL Plasma Levels and a, First-Onset ACS et al. 2023; Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065391

März W, Kleber ME, Scharnagl · Hubert, Speer T, Zewinger S, Ritsch A, et al. HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance. Clin Res Cardiol. 2017;106:663–75.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kjeldsen EW, Nordestgaard LT, Frikke-Schmidt R, Molecular Sciences HDL. Cholesterol and Non-Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. 2021; Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094547

Krauss RM. Lipoprotein subfractions and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010;21(4):305–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Teis A, Cediel G, Amigó N, Julve J, Aranyó J, Andrés-Cordón J et al. Particle size and cholesterol content of circulating HDL correlate with cardiovascular death in chronic heart failure Evidence regarding any association of HDL-particle (HDL-P) derangements and HDL-cholesterol content with cardiovascular (CV) death in chronic heart failure (HF) is lacking. To investigate the prognostic value of HDL-P size (HDL-Sz) and the number of cholesterol molecules per HDL-P for CV death in HF patients. Outpatient chronic HF patients were enrolled. Baseline HDL-P number. Scientific Reports | [Internet]. 123AD;11:3141. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82861-6

Linton MF, Yancey PG, Davies SS, Jerome WG, Linton EF, Song WL et al. The Role of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis. 2000.

Mehta A, Shapiro MD. Apolipoproteins in vascular biology and atherosclerotic disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19(3):168–79.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Von Eckardstein A, Nordestgaard BG, Remaley AT, Catapano AL. STATE OF THE ART REVIEW High-density lipoprotein revisited: biological functions and clinical relevance. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2022;44:1394–407. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac605

Su X, Peng D. The exchangeable apolipoproteins in lipid metabolism and obesity. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;503:128–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Phillips MC. New insights into the determination of HDL structure by apolipoproteins. J Lipid Res. 2013;54(8):2034–48.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mackness B, Mackness M, Durrington PN, Connelly PW, Hegele RA. Paraoxonase: biochemistry, genetics and relationship to plasma lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1996;7(2):69–76. PMID: 23181222.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kontush A, Chapman MJ. Functionally defective HDL: A new therapeutic target at the crossroads of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Rev. 2006;58(3):342 – 74. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.58.3.1. PMID: 16968946.

Otvos JD, Collins D, Freedman DS, Shalaurova I, Schaefer EJ, McNamara JR et al. LDL and HDL particle subclasses predict coronary events and are favorably changed by gemfibrozil therapy in the VA-HIT study. Circulation. 2006;113(12):1556-63. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.580357. PMID: 16567569.

Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Abt M, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Brumm J et al. Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(22):2089-99. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1206797. PMID: 23126252.

Rader DJ. High-density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13(1):48–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2015.124. PMID: 26527194.

Sniderman AD, Couture P, Martin SS, et al. Apolipoprotein B and small LDL-particles in assessing risk and therapy. Clin Chem. 2021;67(2):183–96. PMID: 34625741.

Google Scholar 

Khalil A, Fulop T, Berrougui H. Role of Paraoxonase 1 in the Regulation of High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality and in Cardiovascular Protection. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2021;34(3):191–200. PMID: 31969002.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klimov AN, Kozlov SG, Vinogradov AG, Kuzmin AA. Plasma lipid transfer proteins: The role of PLTP and CETP in atherogenesis. Kardiologiia. 2018;58(2):66–72. PMID: 29558025.

Google Scholar 

Suc I, Escargueil-Blanc I, Troly M, Salvayre R, Nègre-Salvayre A. HDL and endothelial protection. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2013;20(2):149–54.

Google Scholar 

Superko HR, Gadesam RR. HDL subclasses and their relationship to cardiovascular disease. J Clin Lipidol. 2008;2(6):361-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2008.09.003. PMID: 21291782.

Rosales C. High-Density Lipoproteins Decrease Proinflammatory Activity and Modulate the Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol. 2019;10:721.

Google Scholar 

Besler C, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U. High-density lipoprotein and endothelial functions: mechanistic insights and alterations in cardiovascular disease. J Lipid Res. 2012;53(12):2636–50.

Google Scholar 

Rosenson RS, Davidson MH, Le NA, Burkle J, Pourfarzib R. Underappreciated Opportunities for High-Density Lipoprotein Particles in Risk Stratification and Potential Targets of Therapy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2015;29(1):41–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kosmas CE, Rodriguez Polanco S, Bousvarou MD, Papakonstantinou EJ, Peña Genao E, Guzman E, et al. The Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio as a Risk Marker for Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease. Diagnostics. 2023;13(5):929.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cui H, Du Q, HDL. and ASCVD. In 2022. pp. 109–18.

Begue F, Apalama ML, Lambert G, Meilhac O. HDL as a Treatment Target: Should We Abandon This Idea? Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023;25(12):1093–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Contois JH, Langlois MR, Cobbaert C, Sniderman AD. Standardization of Apolipoprotein B, LDL-Cholesterol, and Non‐HDL‐Cholesterol. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12(15) :e030405. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.123.030405

Andersson C, Johnson AD, Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vasan RS. 70-year legacy of the Framingham Heart Study. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16(11):687–98.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kronenberg F. HDL in CKD—The Devil Is in the Detail. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;29(5):1356–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rifici VA, Khachadurian AK. Oxidation of High-Density Lipoprotein Impairs Cholesterol Efflux from Macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996;1299(2):207–12.

Google Scholar 

Chen Y, et al. Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Displays Impaired Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018;120:105–14.

Google Scholar 

Voight BF, Peloso GM, Orho-Melander M, Frikke-Schmidt R, Barbalic M, Jensen MK, et al. Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: a mendelian randomisation study. Lancet. 2012;380(9841):572–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Krauss RM, Lindgren FT, Wingerd J, Bradley DD, Ramcharan S. Effects of estrogens and progestins on high density lipoproteins. Lipids. 1979;14(1):113–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thakkar H, Vincent V, Sen A, Singh A, Roy A, Wertz PW. Changing Perspectives on HDL: From Simple Quantity Measurements to Functional Quality Assessment. 2021; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5585521

Chandra A, Rohatgi A. The Role of Advanced Lipid Testing in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2014;16(3):394.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kontush A, Lhomme M, Chapman MJ. Thematic Review Series: High Density Lipoprotein Structure, Function, and Metabolism Unraveling the complexities of the HDL lipidome 1 thematic review. J Lipid Res [Internet]. 2013;54:2031–3. Available from: http://www.jlr.org

Adorni MP, Ronda N, Bernini F, Zimetti F. cells High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives. 2021; Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10030574

Jacobo-Albavera L, Domínguez-Pérez M, Medina-Leyte DJ, González-Garrido A, Villarreal-Molina T. Molecular Sciences The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in Human Disease. 2021; Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041593

Sampieri A, Asanov A, Méndez-Acevedo KM, Vaca L. SIDT2 associates with apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and facilitates ApoA1 secretion in hepatocytes. Cells. 2023;12(19):2353. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12192353.

Article  CAS  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif