Fan J, Watanabe T. Atherosclerosis: known and unknown. Pathol Int. 2022;72:151–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/pin.13202.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen W, Li Z, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Huang R. Global and national burden of atherosclerosis from 1990 to 2019: trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Chin Med J (Engl). 2023;136:2442–50. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000002839.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hansson GK, Hermansson A. The immune system in atherosclerosis. Nat Immunol. 2011;12:204–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2001.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gisterå A, Hansson GK. The immunology of atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13:368–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2017.51.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Falk E. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:C7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.068.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Słomka T, Drelich-Zbroja A, Jarząbek M, Szczerbo-Trojanowska M. Intima-media complex thickness and carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation in Lublin’s population in the context of selected comorbidities. J Ultrason. 2018;18:133–9. https://doi.org/10.15557/JoU.2018.0019.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khulusi SA. Arab medicine and circulation of the blood. Lancet. 1978;1:1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(78)91302-8.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang C, Shi J. 7T MRI for intracranial vessel wall lesions and its associated neurological disorders: a systematic review. Brain Sci. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050528.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

DiFrancesco MW, et al. Comparison of SNR and CNR for in vivo mouse brain imaging at 3 and 7 T using well matched scanner configurations. Med Phys. 2008;35:3972–8. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2968092.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Soulat G, McCarthy P, Markl M. 4d flow with MRI. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2020;22:103–26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-100219-110055.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yasuda S, et al. In-vivo assessment of vascular endothelial injury in a rat model of unilateral carotid artery injury using 4D-flow MRI. Sci Rep. 2025;15:18571. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03721-1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Harloff A, et al. 3D blood flow characteristics in the carotid artery bifurcation assessed by flow-sensitive 4D MRI at 3T. Magn Reson Med. 2009;61:65–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.21774.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Seitz J, et al. Quantification of blood flow in the carotid arteries: comparison of Doppler ultrasound and three different phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Invest Radiol. 2001;36:642–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-200111000-00003.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Oktar SO, et al. Blood-flow volume quantification in internal carotid and vertebral arteries: comparison of 3 different ultrasound techniques with phase-contrast MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27:363–9.

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Karwatowski SP, et al. Mitral valve flow measured with cine MR velocity mapping in patients with ischemic heart disease: comparison with Doppler echocardiography. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1995;5:89–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.1880050116.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saito S, Takahashi Y, Ohki A, Shintani Y, Higuchi T. Early detection of elevated lactate levels in a mitochondrial disease model using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7T-MRI. Radiol Phys Technol. 2019;12:46–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12194-018-0490-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saito S, Ueda J. Preclinical magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in the fields of radiological technology, medical physics, and radiology. Radiol Phys Technol. 2024;17:47–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12194-024-00785-y.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Likittanasombut P, Reynolds P, Meads D, Tegeler C. Volume flow rate of common carotid artery measured by Doppler method and color velocity imaging quantification (CVI-Q). J Neuroimaging. 2006;16:34–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1051228405001523.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lotz J, Meier C, Leppert A, Galanski M. Cardiovascular flow measurement with phase-contrast MR imaging: basic facts and implementation. Radiographics. 2002;22:651–71. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.22.3.g02ma11651.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Winkler AJ, Wu J. Correction of intrinsic spectral broadening errors in Doppler peak velocity measurements made with phased sector and linear array transducers. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1995;21:1029–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-5629(95)00047-u.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hawkes RA, et al. Uterine artery pulsatility and resistivity indices in pregnancy: comparison of MRI and Doppler US. Placenta. 2016;43:35–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2016.04.002.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Brahim JS, Thut PD. Hemodynamic changes during isoflurane anesthesia. Anesth Prog. 1984;31:207–12.

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Atkinson P, Wells PN. Pulse-doppler ultrasound and its clinical application. Yale J Biol Med. 1977;50:367–73.

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yazici B, Erdogmus B, Tugay A. Cerebral blood flow measurements of the extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries with doppler ultrasonography in healthy adults. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2005;11:195–8.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vdoviaková K, Askin SJ, Krešáková L, Vrabec V, Vrzgula M, Danková M. The head and neck vascular anatomical variability in the laboratory rat and its significance to medical science. Folia Vet. 2022;66:9–18.

Article  Google Scholar