Yang R, Liu X, Zhao Z et al (2025) Burden of neurological diseases in Asia, from 1990 to 2021 and its predicted level to 2045: a Global Burden of Disease study. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21928-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gadhave DG, Sugandhi VV, Jha SK et al (2024) Neurodegenerative disorders: mechanisms of degeneration and therapeutic approaches with their clinical relevance. Ageing Res Rev. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102357

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sweeney MD, Sagare AP, Zlokovic BV (2018) Blood-brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 14:133–150

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kesidou E, Theotokis P, Damianidou O et al (2023) CNS ageing in health and neurodegenerative disorders. J Clin Med. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062255

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tan ZX, Dong F, Wu LY et al (2021) The beneficial role of exercise on treating Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting β-amyloid peptide. Mol Neurobiol 58:5890–5906

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ising C, Heneka MT (2018) Functional and structural damage of neurons by innate immune mechanisms during neurodegeneration review-Article. Cell Death Dis 9:120

(2015) 2015 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s and Dementia 11:332–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003

Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M (2021) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and the role of acetylcholinesterase in their pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179290

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wong KY, Roy J, Fung ML et al (2020) Relationships between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotransmission failure in Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Dis 11:1291–1316

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haake A, Nguyen K, Friedman L et al (2020) An update on the utility and safety of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 19:147–157

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Banks WA (2016) From blood-brain barrier to blood-brain interface: new opportunities for CNS drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 15:275–292

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Furtado D, Björnmalm M, Ayton S et al (2018) Overcoming the blood–brain barrier: the role of nanomaterials in treating neurological diseases. Adv Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201801362

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu D, Chen Q, Chen X et al (2023) The blood–brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery. Signal Transduct Target Ther. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01481-w

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Waris A, Ali A, Khan AU et al (2022) Applications of various types of nanomaterials for the treatment of neurological disorders. Nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12132140

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ding S, Khan AI, Cai X et al (2020) Overcoming blood–brain barrier transport: advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies. Mater Today 37:112–125

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rahman MM, Islam MR, Akash S et al (2022) Recent advancements of nanoparticles application in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders: at a glance. Biomed Pharmacother. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113305

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cacciatore I, Ciulla M, Fornasari E et al (2016) Solid lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 13:1121–1131

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Song Q, Li J, Li T, Li HW (2024) Nanomaterials that aid in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, resolving blood–brain barrier crossing ability. Adv Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202403473

Article  Google Scholar 

Izadi R, Bahramikia S, Akbari V (2024) Green synthesis of nanoparticles using medicinal plants as an eco-friendly and therapeutic potential approach for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review. Front Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1453499

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bhardwaj K, Silva AS, Atanassova M et al (2021) Conifers phytochemicals: a valuable forest with therapeutic potential. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26103005

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bhattacharya T, Soares GABE, Chopra H et al (2022) Applications of phyto-nanotechnology for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Materials. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030804

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Drew J, Berney W, Lei W (2021) Neuroprotective natural products for Alzheimer’s disease. Cells. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061309

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nazir N, Nisar M, Zahoor M et al (2021) Phytochemical analysis, in vitro anticholinesterase, antioxidant activity and in vivo nootropic effect of ferula ammoniacum (Dorema ammoniacum) D. Don. in scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Brain Sci 11:1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020259

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Woon CK, Hui WK, Abas R et al (2021) Natural Product-based Nanomedicine: Recent Advances and Issues for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 20:1498–1518. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159x20666211217163540

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ivanova N, Gugleva V, Dobreva M, et al (2019) Silver Nanoparticles as Multi-Functional Drug Delivery Systems. In: Nanomedicines. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80238

Vinod C, Jena S (2021) Nano-neurotheranostics: impact of nanoparticles on neural dysfunctions and strategies to reduce toxicity for improved efficacy. Front Pharmacol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.612692

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

De Matteis V, Cascione M, Toma CC, Leporatti S (2018) Silver nanoparticles: synthetic routes, in vitro toxicity and theranostic applications for cancer disease. Nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8050319

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Javed R, Zia M, Naz S et al (2020) Role of capping agents in the application of nanoparticles in biomedicine and environmental remediation: recent trends and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-020-00704-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Saleh MN, Khoman Alwan S (2020) Bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles from bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia: Their characterization and antibacterial studies. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1664/1/012115

Madani M, Hosny S, Alshangiti DM et al (2022) Green synthesis of nanoparticles for varied applications: green renewable resources and energy-efficient synthetic routes. Nanotechnol Rev 11:731–759

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dikshit PK, Kumar J, Das AK et al (2021) Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: applications and limitations. Catalysts. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11080902

Article  Google Scholar 

Khan M, Shaik MR, Adil SF et al (2018) Plant extracts as green reductants for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles: lessons from chemical synthesis. Dalton Trans 47:11988–12010

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Leersnyder I, De Gelder L, Van Driessche I, Vermeir P (2019) Revealing the importance of aging, environment, size and stabilization mechanisms on the stability of metal nanoparticles: a case study for silver nanoparticles in a minimally defined and complex undefined bacterial growth medium. Nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9121684

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mukherji S, Bharti S, Shukla G, Mukherji S (2019) Synthesis and characterization of size- and shape-controlled silver nanoparticles. Phys Sci Rev. https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2017-0082