Valesan LF, et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Invest. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03710-w.
Homeida L, et al. Temporomandibular joints disorders (TMDs) prevalence and their relation to anxiety in dental students. F1000Res. 2022. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.76178.2.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rentsch M, et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders based on a shortened symptom questionnaire of the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders and its screening reliability for children and adolescents aged 7–14 years. J Clin Med. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124109.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lobbezoo F, et al. Bruxism defined and graded: an international consensus. J Oral Rehabil. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12011.
Melo G, et al. Bruxism: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. J Oral Rehabil. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12801.
Lobbezoo F, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12663.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Olchowy A, et al. Assessment of the masseter stiffness in patients during conservative therapy for masticatory muscle disorders with shear wave elastography. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05392-9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Olchowy A, et al. Great potential of ultrasound elastography for the assessment of the masseter muscle in patients with temporomandibular disorders. A systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20200024.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kiliaridis S, Kälebo P. Masseter muscle thickness measured by ultrasonography and its relation to facial morphology. J Dent Res. 1991. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345910700090601.
Kiliaridis S, Engvall M, Tzakis MG. Ultrasound imaging of the masseter muscle in myotonic dystrophy patients. J Oral Rehabil. 1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1995.tb01059.x.
Reis Durão AP, et al. Masseter muscle measurement performed by ultrasound: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20170052.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shen Y, et al. The effects of masseter muscle morphology on three-dimensional occlusion and temporomandibular joint in adult patients with skeletal class II malocclusion: a CBCT study. BMC Oral Health. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06674-z.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dubois G, et al. Reliable protocol for shear wave elastography of lower limb muscles at rest and during passive stretching. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.04.020.
Adamczewski Z, et al. Interobserver Agreement and plane-dependent intraobserver variability of shear wave sonoelastography in the differential diagnosis of ectopic thymus tissue. J Clin Med. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020214.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Neto T, Johannsson J, Andrade RJ. Using ultrasound shear wave elastography to characterize peripheral nerve mechanics: a systematic review on the normative reference values in healthy individuals. Ultrasonography. 2024. https://doi.org/10.14366/usg.23211.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Haueise A, et al. Development and validation of a semi-automated algorithm to analyze shear wave elastography clips in muscle tissue. Sci Rep. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05154-2.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Brown M, Fisher JS, Salsich G. Stiffness and muscle function with age and reduced muscle use. J Orthop Res. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100170317.
Gajdosik RL, Vander Linden DW, Williams AK. Influence of age on length and passive elastic stiffness characteristics of the calf muscle-tendon unit of women. Phys Ther. 1999;79(9):827–38.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jacob I, et al. Age-related differences of vastus lateralis muscle morphology, contractile properties, upper body grip strength and lower extremity functional capability in healthy adults aged 18 to 70 years. BMC Geriatr. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03183-4.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mann CJ, et al. Aberrant repair and fibrosis development in skeletal muscle. Skelet Muscle. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1186/2044-5040-1-21.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mahdy MAA. Skeletal muscle fibrosis: an overview. Cell Tissue Res. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-018-2955-2.
Barbe MF, et al. Blocking CTGF/CCN2 reduces established skeletal muscle fibrosis in a rat model of overuse injury. FASEB J. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202000240RR.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Patel PR, et al. Repetitive overuse injury causes entheseal damage and palmar muscle fibrosis in older rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413546.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Akkoca F, et al. Role of the masseter, anterior temporalis, and sternocleidomastoid muscles in myofascial temporomandibular disorder pain: evaluation of thickness and stiffness by ultrasonography. Oral Radiol. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-025-00807-4.
Aydin Aksu S, et al. Dynamic quantitative imaging of the masseter muscles in bruxism patients with myofascial pain: could it be an objective biomarker? J Pers Med. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13101467.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Erdur EA, et al. Usability of shear wave elastography in the quantitative evaluation of masseter muscle stiffness in adolescents with bruxism. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/dmfr/twaf012.
Obuchowicz R, et al. Population analysis of masseter muscle tension using shear wave ultrasonography across different disease states. J Clin Med. 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175259.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen YJ, et al. Assessing thickness and stiffness of superficial/deep masticatory muscles in orofacial pain: an ultrasound and shear wave elastography study. Ann Med. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2023.2261116.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Toker C, et al. Shear wave elastography in bruxism-not yet ready for clinical routine. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020276.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Takashima M, et al. Quantitative evaluation of masseter muscle stiffness in patients with temporomandibular disorders using shear wave elastography. J Prosthodont Res. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpor.2017.01.003.
Stiver ML, Mirjalili SA, Agur AMR. Measuring shear wave velocity in adult skeletal muscle with ultrasound 2-D shear wave elastography: a scoping review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.02.005.
Comments (0)