Reithinger R, Dujardin J, Louzir H (2007) Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7(6):581–596. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.2011.01844.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alvar J et al (2012) Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035671

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Scott P, Novais FO (2016) Cutaneous leishmaniasis: immune responses in protection and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Immunol 16(9):581–592. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.72

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Vries HJC, Schallig HD (2022) Cutaneous leishmaniasis: a 2022 updated narrative review into diagnosis and management developments. Am J Clin Dermatol 23(6):823–840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-022-00726-8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Marco JD et al (2012) Polymorphism-specific PCR enhances the diagnostic performance of American tegumentary leishmaniasis and allows the rapid identification of Leishmania species from Argentina. BMC Infect Dis 12(1):191. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-12-191

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

García Bustos MF et al (2016) Clinical and epidemiological features of leishmaniasis in northwestern-Argentina through a retrospective analysis of recent cases. Acta Trop 154:125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.11.008

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Loeuillet C, Bañuls A-L, Hide M (2016) Study of Leishmania pathogenesis in mice: experimental considerations. Parasit Vectors 9(1):144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1413-9

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Loría-Cervera EN, Andrade-Narváez FJ (2014) Animal models for the study of leishmaniasis immunology. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 56(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652014000100001

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vidarsson G, Dekkers G, Rispens T (2014) IgG subclasses and allotypes: from structure to effector functions. Front Immunol 5:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00520

Article  Google Scholar 

Uzonna JE, Wei G, Yurkowski D, Bretscher P (2001) Immune elimination of Leishmania major in mice: implications for immune memory, vaccination, and reactivation disease. J Immunol 167(12):6967–6974. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.6967

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rostamian M, Sohrabi S, Kavosifard H, Niknam HM (2017) Lower levels of IgG1 in comparison with IgG2a are associated with protective immunity against Leishmania tropica infection in BALB/c mice. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 50(2):160–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2015.05.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Coler RN et al (2002) Immunization with a polyprotein vaccine consisting of the T-cell antigens thiol-specific antioxidant, Leishmania major stress-inducible protein 1, and Leishmania elongation initiation factor protects against leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 70(8):4215–4225

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mortazavidehkordi N et al (2018) A lentiviral vaccine expressing KMP11-HASPB fusion protein increases immune response to Leishmania major in BALB/C. Parasitol Res 117(7):2265–2273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5915-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salari S, Sharifi I, Keyhani AR, Ghasemi P, Almani N (2020) Evaluation of a new live recombinant vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB / c mice. Parasit Vectors. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04289-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rodrigues CMC, Plotkin SA (2020) Impact of vaccines; health, economic and social perspectives. Front Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01526

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Desjeux P (2001) The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95(3):239–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90223-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Okwor I, Uzonna J (2016) Social and economic burden of human leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 94(3):489. https://doi.org/10.4269/AJTMH.15-0408

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

García-Bustos MF et al (2021) Risk factors for antimony treatment failure in American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northwestern-Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 34:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009003

Article  Google Scholar 

Marco JD et al (2005) Species assignation of Leishmania from human and canine American tegumentary leishmaniasis cases by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis in north Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72(5):606–611. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2005.72.606

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bracamonte ME et al (2020) High performance of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for American tegumentary leishmaniasis diagnosis with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis amastigotes membrane crude antigens. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232829

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heeren S et al (2024) Evolutionary genomics of a zoonotic parasite across the Neotropical Realm. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.06.597691v1.abstract

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Coutinho De Oliveira B, Duthie MS, Alves Pereira VR (2019) Vaccines for leishmaniasis and the implications of their development for American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Hum Vaccines Immunother 16(4):919–930. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1678998

Article  Google Scholar 

Duarte MC et al (2017) A vaccine composed of a hypothetical protein and the eukaryotic initiation factor 5a from Leishmania braziliensis cross-protection against Leishmania amazonensis infection. Immunobiology 222(2):251–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2016.09.015

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gomes R et al (2012) KSAC, a defined Leishmania antigen, plus adjuvant protects against the virulence of L. major transmitted by its natural vector Phlebotomus duboscqi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001610

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Salay G et al (2007) Testing of four Leishmania vaccine candidates in a mouse model of infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world. Clin Vaccine Immunol 14(9):1173–1181. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00060-07

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Campbell K, Diao H, Ji J, Soong L (2003) DNA immunization with the gene encoding P4 nuclease of Leishmania amazonensis protects mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis DNA immunization with the gene encoding P4 nuclease of leishmania amazonensis protects mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 71(11):6270–6278. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.11.6270-6278.2003

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fedeli CEC et al (2010) Partial protective responses induced by a recombinant cysteine proteinase from Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 124(2):153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2009.09.003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Montalvo-Álvarez AM, Folgueira C, Carrión J, Monzote-Fidalgo L, Cañavate C, Requena JM (2008) The Leishmania HSP20 is antigenic during natural infections, but, as DNA vaccine, it does not protect BALB/c mice against experimental L. amazonensis infection. J Biomed Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/695432

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Méndez S et al (2001) The potency and durability of DNA- and protein-based vaccines against Leishmania major evaluated using low-dose, intradermal challenge. J Immunol 166(8):5122–5128. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.166.8.5122

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sjölander A, Baldwin TM, Curtis JM, Bengtsson KL, Handman E (1998) Vaccination with recombinant parasite surface antigen 2 from Leishmania major induces a Th1 type of immune response but does not protect against infection. Vaccine 16(20):2077–2084. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00075-9

Article