Al-Ansari H, Al-Qashouti H, Al-Neama R, Al-Moadhadi A, Nazzal H, Philip N. Content of cariostatic trace elements (F, Cu, and Zn) in the commercially packaged and public tap waters of Qatar. Saudi Dent J. 2024;36(10):1321–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.011.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Al-Darwish M, El Ansari W, Bener A. Prevalence of dental caries among 12–14 year old children in Qatar. Saudi Dent J. 2014;26(3):115–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2014.03.006.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Al-Khtib A, Ghanim A, Temple-Smith M, Messer LB, Pirotta M, Morgan M. Prevalence of early childhood caries and enamel defects in four and five-year old Qatari preschool children. BMC Oral Health. 2016;16(1):73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-016-0267-z.

Article  Google Scholar 

Al-mulla HI, King NM, Alnsour HM, Sajnani AK. Fluoride content of bottled drinking waters in Qatar. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016;174(2):471–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0718-z.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Al-Thani MH, Al-Thani AA, Al-Emadi AA, Al-Chetachi WF, Akram H, Poovelil BV. Oral health status of six-year-old children in Qatar: findings from the national oral health survey. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018;16(2):225–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12258.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Armfield J. The benefits of water fluoridation across areas of differing socio-economic status. Aust Dent J. 2008;53(2):180–3. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00030.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Armfield JM, Spencer AJ. Consumption of nonpublic water: implications for children’s caries experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(4):283–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00167.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belotti L, Frazão P. Effectiveness of water fluoridation in an upper-middle-income country: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2022;32(4):503–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12928.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Broffitt B, Levy SM, Warren JJ, Cavanaugh JE. An investigation of bottled water use and caries in the mixed dentition. J Public Health Dent. 2007;67(3):151–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2007.00013.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi AL, Sun G, Zhang Y, Grandjean P. Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120:1362–8. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104912.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chrisopoulos S, Al-Khtib AO, Al-Darwish MS, Mohamed HGS, Mathew T, Al-Mannai GA, et al. Correlates of childhood caries: a study in Qatar. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2024;34(2):179–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.13123.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cochrane NJ, Saranathan S, Morgan MV, Dashper SG. Fluoride content of still bottled water in Australia. Aust Dent J. 2006;51(3):242–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2006.tb00436.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Do LG, Sawyer A, Spencer AJ, Leary S, Kuring JK, Jones AL, et al. Early childhood exposures to fluorides and cognitive neurodevelopment: a population-based longitudinal study. J Dent Res. 2025;104(3):243–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345241299352.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Drewnowski A, Rehm CD, Constant F. Water and beverage consumption among children age 4–13y in the United States: analyses of 2005–2010 NHANES data. Nutr J. 2013;12:85. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-85.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Griffin SO, Regnier E, Griffin PM, Huntley V. Effectiveness of fluoride in preventing caries in adults. J Dent Res. 2007;86(5):410–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600504.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hendaus MA, Siddiq K, AlQadi M, Siddiqui F, Kunhiabdullah S, Alhammadi AH. Parental perception of fluoridated tap water. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(4):1440–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_192_18.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hobson WL, Knochel ML, Byington CL, Young PC, Hoff CJ, Buchi KF. Bottled, filtered, and tap water use in Latino and non-Latino children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(5):457–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huerta-Saenz L, Irigoyen M, Benavides J, Mendoza M. Tap or bottled water: drinking preferences among urban minority children and adolescents. J Community Health. 2012;37(1):54–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-011-9415-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jobson MD, Grimm SE, Banks K and Henley G. The effects of water filtration systems on fluoride: Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. ASDC J Dent Child. 2000;67(5):350–4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11068668/

Kumar JV, Moss ME, Liu H, Fisher-Owens S. Association between low fluoride exposure and children’s intelligence: a meta-analysis relevant to community water fluoridation. Public Health. 2023;219:73–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McDonagh MS, Whiting PF, Wilson PM, Sutton AJ, Chestnutt I, Cooper J, et al. Systematic review of water fluoridation. BMJ. 2000;321(7265):855–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7265.855.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McLaren L, Patterson SK, Faris P, Chen G, Thawer S, Figueiredo R, et al. Fluoridation cessation and children’s dental caries: a 7-year follow-up evaluation of Grade 2 schoolchildren in Calgary and Edmonton, Canada. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2022;50(5):391–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12685.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mobley C, Marshall TA, Milgrom P, Coldwell SE. The contribution of dietary factors to dental caries and disparities in caries. Acad Pediatr. 2009;9(6):410–4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murthy VH. Community water fluoridation: one of CDC’s “10 Great Public Health Achievements of the 20th Century.” Public Health Rep. 2015;130(4):296–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Phantumvanit P, Makino Y, Ogawa H, Rugg-Gunn A, Moynihan P, Petersen PE, et al. WHO global consultation on public health intervention against early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;46(3):280–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12362.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Righolt AJ, Jevdjevic M, Marcenes W, Listl S. Global-, regional-, and country-level economic impacts of dental diseases in 2015. J Dent Res. 2018;97(5):501–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517750572.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roberts-Thomson KF, Spencer AJ. Public knowledge of the prevention of dental decay and gum diseases. Aust Dent J. 1999;44(4):253–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1999.tb00229.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sivaneswaran S, Chong GT, Blinkhorn AS. Successful fluoride plebiscite in the township of Deniliquin, New South Wales, Australia. J Public Health Dent. 2010;70(2):163–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Slade GD, Grider WB, Maas WR, Sanders AE. Water fluoridation and dental caries in U.S. children and adolescents. J Dent Res. 2018;97(10):1122–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sriraman NK, Patrick PA, Hutton K, Edwards KS. Children’s drinking water: parental preferences and implications for fluoride exposure. Pediatr Dent. 2009;31(4):310–5.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Truman BI, Gooch BF, Sulemana I, Gift HC, Horowitz AM, Evans CA, et al. Reviews of evidence on interventions to prevent dental caries, oral and pharyngeal cancers, and sports-related craniofacial injuries. Am J Prev Med. 2002;23(1 Suppl):21–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00449-x.

Article  PubMed