Adamska P, Sobczak-Zagalska H, Gromek Z, Wojciechowska B, Doroszkiewicz P, Chmielewski M, Cichońska D, Zedler A, Pilloni A. The impact of oral health and dental care on pregnancy: a cross-sectional study among women of reproductive age. J Clin Med. 2025;14(14):5153. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14145153.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Adu-Bonsaffoh K, Ntumy MY, Obed SA, Seffah JD. Perinatal outcomes of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17:388.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Al-Sayagh G, Qasim A, Al-Rawi B. The effect of premature birth on the primary dentition. Al-Rafidain Dent J. 2008;8(1):18–22. https://doi.org/10.33899/rden.2008.9052.
Bensi C, Costacurta M, Belli S, Paradiso D, Docimo R. Relationship between preterm birth and developmental defects of enamel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30(6):676–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12646.
Clarkson J, O’Mullane D. A modified DDE index for use in epidemiological studies of enamel defects. J Dent Res. 1989;68(3):445–50.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Commission on Oral Health, Research & Epidemiology. A review of the developmental defects of enamel index (DDE Index). Report of an FDI Working Group. Int Dent J. 1992;42(6):411–26.
Cruvinel VRN, Gravina DBL, Azevedo TDPL, Bezerra ACB, Toledo OA. Prevalence of dental caries and caries-related risk factors in premature and term children. Braz Oral Res. 2010;24(3):329–35.
Cui Y, Chen D, Lin H, Tao Y. The association between low birth weight and/or preterm birth and dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg. 2023;21(3):599–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12651.
da Silva Júnior IF, Costa FD, Correa MB, de Barros FC, Santos ID, Matijasevich A, et al. Pre-, peri-, and postnatal risk for the development of enamel defects in permanent dentition: a birth cohort in Southern Brazil. Pediatr Dent. 2023;45(4):328–35.
Halperson E, Shafir S, Fux-Noy A, Ram D, Eventov-Friedman S. Developmental defects of enamel in children born preterm. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:1019586.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Harila-Kaera V, Heikkinen T, Alvesalo L, Osborne RH. Permanent tooth crown dimensions in prematurely born children. Early Hum Dev. 2001;62(2):131–47.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Horbar JD, Carpenter JH, Badger GJ, Kenny MJ, Soll RF, Morrow KA, et al. Mortality and neonatal morbidity among infants 501 to 1500 grams from 2000 to 2009. Pediatrics. 2012;129(6):1019–26.
Hutami IR, Arinawati DY, Rahadian A, Dewi RC, Rochmah YS, Christiono S, et al. Roles of calcium in ameloblasts during tooth development: a scoping review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2024;20(1):25–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.12.010.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jacobsen PE, Haubek D, Henriksen TB, Østergaard JR, Poulsen S. Developmental enamel defects in children born preterm: a systematic review. Eur J Oral Sci. 2014;122(1):7–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12094.
Kim I-H, Kang C-M, Song JS, Lee J-H. Dental complications associated with neonatal intubation in preterm infants. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2019;19(5):245–52.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lai PY, Seow WK, Tudehope DI, Rogers Y. Enamel hypoplasia and dental caries in very-low birthweight children: a case-controlled, longitudinal study. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19(1):42–9.
Lustosa K, Rodrigues LRS, Rocha RM, Prudente TP, Mezaiko E, Silva FPY, et al. Risk of early childhood dental caries associated with prolonged breastfeeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2025.
Masumo R, Bårdsen A, Åstrøm AN. Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course events: a study of 6–36 month old children in Manyara, Tanzania. BMC Oral Health. 2013;13(1):21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-13-21.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
McHugh ML. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012;22(3):276–82.
Moro C, Biehler-Gomez L, Lanza Attisano G, Gibelli DM, Boschi F, De Angelis D, et al. Investigating the etiology and demographic distribution of enamel hypoplasia. Heritage. 2025;8(10):420. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8100420.
Nelson SJ. Wheeler’s dental anatomy, physiology and occlusion. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019.
Ohuma EO, Moller A-B, Bradley E, Chakwera S, Hussain-Alkhateeb L. National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2023;402(10409):1261–71.
Park S, Jeong SJ, Han JH, Shin JE, Lee J-H, Kang C-M. Natal factors affecting developmental defects of enamel in preterm infants: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2024;14:2089.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pinheiro RL, Areia AL, Mota Pinto A, Donato H. Advanced maternal age: adverse outcomes of pregnancy, a meta-analysis. Acta Med Port. 2019;32(3):219–26.
Seow WK, Ford D, Kazoullis S, Newman B, Holcombe T. Comparison of enamel defects in the primary and permanent dentitions of children from a low-fluoride district in Australia. Pediatr Dent. 2011;33(3):207–12.
Seow WK, Masel JP, Weir C, Tudehope DI. Mineral deficiency in the pathogenesis of enamel hypoplasia in prematurely born, very low birthweight children. Pediatr Dent. 1989;11(4):297–302.
Thirunavukkarasu A, Alaqidi SF. Early childhood caries-prevalence, associated factors, and severity: a hospital-based study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare. 2024;12(14):1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141376.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Trindade CEP. Minerals in the nutrition of extremely low birth weight infants. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(7):43–51.
World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1997.
Zawawi R, Almosa N. Correlation between the enamel-changed surface roughness, micro-hardness and the depth of demineralization after orthodontic bracket use. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2025;49(3):134–42.
Comments (0)