Murawski CD, Mittwede PN, Wawrose RA et al (2023) Management of high-energy tibial pilon fractures. J Bone Joint Surg 105:1123–1137. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.21.01377

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sirkin M, Sanders R, DiPasquale T, Herscovici D (2004) A staged protocol for soft tissue management in the treatment of complex pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 18:S32-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-200409001-00005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mathieu L, Choufani C, Andro C, de l’Escalopier N (2024) Management of combat-related extremity injuries in modern armed conflicts. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res: 104055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2024.104055

Stufkens SAS, van den Bekerom MPJ, Kerkhoffs GMMJ et al (2011) Long-term outcome after 1822 operatively treated ankle fractures: a systematic review of the literature. Injury 42:119–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2010.04.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ersin M, Demirel M, Chodza M et al (2020) Mid-term results of hindfoot arthrodesis with a retrograde intra-medullary nail in 24 patients with diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy. Acta Orthop 91:336–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2020.1746605

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Herrera-Pérez M, Martín-Vélez P, González-Martín D et al (2022) Tibiotalocalcaneal nailing for osteoporotic ankle fractures in the frail patient: a narrative review with a clinical score proposal for the decision-making process. EFORT Open Rev 7:328–336. https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-21-0085

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Horwitz D (2023) Commentary on: outcomes of tibiotalocalcaneal hindfoot fusion nails used for acute lower extremity trauma in a high-risk patient population. J Orthop Trauma 37:e12–e13. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000002467

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cinats DJ, Kooner S, Johal H (2021) Acute hindfoot nailing for ankle fractures: a systematic review of indications and outcomes. J Orthop Trauma 35:584–590. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000002096

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Glazebrook M, Beasley W, Daniels T et al (2013) Establishing the relationship between clinical outcome and extent of osseous bridging between computed tomography assessment in isolated hindfoot and ankle fusions. Foot Ankle Int 34:1612–1618. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071100713504746

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ibrahim T, Beiri A, Azzabi M et al (2007) Reliability and validity of the subjective component of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society clinical rating scales. J Foot Ankle Surg 46:65–74. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2006.12.002

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Busija L, Pausenberger E, Haines TP et al (2011) Adult measures of general health and health-related quality of life: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item (SF-36) and Short Form 12-Item (SF-12) Health Surveys, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 6D (SF-6D), Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3), Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB), and Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 63(Suppl 11):S383-412. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20541

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boucly J, Bouché P-A, Bermudo Gamboa MD et al (2024) One-stage tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis for severe septic destruction of the ankle joint using a retrograde intramedullary nail: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Foot Ankle Int: 10711007241283803. https://doi.org/10.1177/10711007241283803

Lee BH, Fang C, Kunnasegaran R, Thevendran G (2018) Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with the hindfoot arthrodesis nail: a prospective consecutive series from a single institution. J Foot Ankle Surg 57:23–30. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2017.05.041

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Manobianco A, Enketan O, Grass R (2024) Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail: the functional and clinical outcome of a challenging patient group and its comparison to a below knee amputation. Foot Ankle Surg 30:268–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2024.01.002

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel S, Baker L, Perez J et al (2023) Risk factors for nonunion following ankle arthrodesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Foot Ankle Spec 16:60–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938640021998493

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rammelt S, Pyrc J, Ågren P-H et al (2013) Tibiotalocalcaneal fusion using the hindfoot arthrodesis nail: a multicenter study. Foot Ankle Int 34:1245–1255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071100713487526

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baker JD, Schroeder P, Kimbler T, Huh J (2024) Reaming for tibiotalocalcaneal nailing removes only 10% of the ankle and subtalar joints. J Orthop Trauma 38:210–214. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000002754

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeGenova DT, Hill ZP, Hoffman AD et al (2024) Does the subtalar or tibiotalar joint need fused in primary retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal nailing for fragility ankle fractures? Foot Ankle Spec: 19386400241249583. https://doi.org/10.1177/19386400241249583

Lu V, Tennyson M, Zhou A et al (2022) Retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal nailing for the treatment of acute ankle fractures in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EFORT Open Rev 7:628–643. https://doi.org/10.1530/EOR-22-0017

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jonas SC, Young AF, Curwen CH, McCann PA (2013) Functional outcome following tibio-talar-calcaneal nailing for unstable osteoporotic ankle fractures. Injury 44:994–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2012.11.008

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Baig MS, Mehta S, Morales DS et al (2023) Successful primary treatment of ankle fractures in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy using a tibiotalocalcaneal nail: a case series. Indian J Orthop 57:1068–1075. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-023-00882-x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sanders RW (2021) Commentary on: “Acute Hindfoot Nailing for Ankle Fractures: A Systematic Review of Indications and Outcomes.” J Orthop Trauma 35:590–591. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000002097

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lameire DL, Abdel Khalik H, Del Balso C et al (2023) Transportal tibiotalocalcaneal nail ankle arthrodesis: a systematic review of initial series. Foot Ankle Orthop 8:24730114231156424. https://doi.org/10.1177/24730114231156422

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fisher KJ, Shannon SF, Dean CM et al (2023) Outcomes of tibiotalocalcaneal hindfoot fusion nails used for acute lower extremity trauma in a high-risk patient population. J Orthop Trauma 37:e7–e12. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000002466

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wong LH, Chrea B, Meeker JE et al (2022) Factors associated with nonunion and infection following ankle arthrodesis using a large claims database: who has elevated risk? Foot Ankle Orthop 7:24730114221101616. https://doi.org/10.1177/24730114221101617

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yin C, Sun L (2024) Risk factors contributing to postoperative surgical site infections in patients undergoing ankle fracture fixation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Wound J 21:e14639. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.14639

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar