Mechanistic Insights into Silymarin-Induced Apoptosis and Growth Inhibition in SPC212 Human Mesothelioma Cells

Demiroglu-Zergeroglu, A., Ergene, E., Ayvali, N., Kuete, V., & Sivas, H. (2016). Quercetin and Cisplatin combined treatment altered cell cycle and mitogen activated protein kinase expressions in malignant mesotelioma cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, 1–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dutta, S., Mahalanobish, S., Saha, S., Ghosh, S., & Sil, P. C. (2019). Natural products: An upcoming therapeutic approach to cancer. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 128, 240–255.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuete, V., Ngnintedo, D., Fotso, G. W., Karaosmanoğlu, O., Ngadjui, B. T., Keumedjio, F., Yeboah, S. O., Andrae-Marobela, K., & Sivas, H. (2018). Cytotoxicity of seputhecarpan D, thonningiol and 12 other phytochemicals from African flora towards human carcinoma cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18, 36.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abouzid, S. F., Chen, S. N., McAlpine, J. B., Friesen, J. B., & Pauli, G. F. (2016). Silybum marianum pericarp yields enhanced silymarin products. Fitoterapia, 112, 136–143.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Esmaeil, N., Anaraki, S. B., Gharagozloo, M., & Moayedi, B. (2017). Silymarin impacts on immune system as an immunomodulator: One key for many locks. International Immunopharmacology, 50, 194–201.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giuliani, C., Tani, C., Maleci Bini, L., Fico, G., Colombo, R., & Martinelli, T. (2018). Localization of phenolic compounds in the fruits of Silybum marianum characterized by different silymarin chemotype and altered colour. Fitoterapia, 130, 210–218.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hadi, A., Pourmasoumi, M., Mohammadi, H., Symonds, M., & Miraghajani, M. (2018). The effects of silymarin supplementation on metabolic status and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 41, 311–319.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taleb, A., Ahmad, K. A., Ihsan, A. U., Qu, J., Lin, N., Hezam, K., Koju, N., Hui, L., & Qilong, D. (2018). Antioxidant effects and mechanism of silymarin in oxidative stress induced cardiovascular diseases. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 102, 689–698.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Onaolapo, A. Y., Sulaiman, H., Olofinnade, A. T., & Onaolapo, O. J. (2022). Antidepressant-like potential of silymarin and silymarin-sertraline combination in mice: Highlighting effects on behaviour, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. World Journal of Pharmacology, 11, 27–47.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rostamian, S., Heidari-Soureshjani, S., & Sherwin, C. M. (2023). The therapeutic effect of Silymarin and Silibinin on depression and anxiety disorders and possible mechanism in the brain: A systematic review. Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 23, 86–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vargas-Mendoza, N., Madrigal-Santillán, E., Morales-González, Á., Esquivel-Soto, J., Esquivel-Chirino, C., García-Luna Y González-Rubio, M., Gayosso-de-Lucio, J. A., & Morales-González, J. A. (2014). Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin. World Journal of Hepatology, 6, 144.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mukhtar, S., Xiaoxiong, Z., Qamer, S., Saad, M., Mubarik, M. S., Mahmoud, A. H., & Mohammed, O. B. (2021). Hepatoprotective activity of silymarin encapsulation against hepatic damage in albino rats. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28, 717–723.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramasamy, K., & Agarwal, R. (2008). Multitargeted therapy of cancer by silymarin. Cancer Letters, 269, 352–362.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Delmas, D., Xiao, J., Vejux, A., & Aires, V. (2020). Silymarin and cancer: A dual strategy in both in chemoprevention and chemosensitivity. Molecules, 25, 2009.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koltai, T., & Fliegel, L. (2022). Role of silymarin in cancer treatment: facts, hypotheses, and questions. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 27, 2515690X211068826.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Emadi, S. A., Rahbardar, M. G., Mehri, S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2022). A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and its main constituent, silymarin, on cancer, and their related patents. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 25, 1166.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Singh, M., Kadhim, M. M., Turki Jalil, A., Oudah, S. K., Aminov, Z., Alsaikhan, F., Jawhar, Z. H., Ramírez-Coronel, A. A., & Farhood, B. (2023). A systematic review of the protective effects of silymarin/silibinin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Cancer Cell International, 23, 88.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kaur, M., & Agarwal, R. (2007). Silymarin and epithelial cancer chemoprevention: How close we are to bedside? Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 224, 350–359.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Srinivasan, S., Mohanprasanth, A., Nadeem, A., & Saravanan, M. (2024). Exploring the anti-cancer and antimetastatic effect of silymarin against lung cancer. Toxicology Reports, 13, 101746.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim, S., Kim, S. H., Hur, S. M., Lee, S. K., Kim, W. W., Kim, J. S., Kim, J. H., Choe, J. H., Nam, S. J., Lee, J. E., & Yang, J. H. (2009). Silibinin prevents TPA-induced MMP-9 expression by down-regulation of COX-2 in human breast cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 126, 252–257.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soria, E. A., Eynard, A. R., Quiroga, P. L., & Bongiovanni, G. A. (2007). Differential effects of quercetin and silymarin on arsenite-induced cytotoxicity in two human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Life Sciences, 81, 1397–1402.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mohaghegh, F., Solhi, H., & Kazemifar, A. M. (2015). Silymarin (Milk Thistle) can revoke liver enzyme changes during chemotherapy of breast cancer with Taxanes. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 7, 650–652.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jiang, Y.-y, Wang, H.-j, Wang, J., Tashiro, S.-i, Onodera, S., & Ikejima, T. (2009). The protective effect of silibinin against mitomycin C-induced intrinsic apoptosis in human melanoma A375-S2 cells. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 111, 137–146.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deep, G., Singh, R. P., Agarwal, C., Kroll, D. J., & Agarwal, R. (2006). Silymarin and silibinin cause G1 and G2-M cell cycle arrest via distinct circuitries in human prostate cancer PC3 cells: A comparison of flavanone silibinin with flavanolignan mixture silymarin. Oncogene, 25, 1053–1069.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zi, X., & Agarwal, R. (2002). Silibinin decreases prostate-specific antigen with cell growth inhibition via G1 arrest, leading to differentiation of prostate carcinoma cells: Implications for prostate cancer intervention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96, 7490–7495.

Article  Google Scholar 

Singh, R. P., & Agarwal, R. (2002). Flavonoid antioxidant silymarin and skin cancer. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 4, 655–663.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhong, X., Zhu, Y., Lu, Q., Zhang, J., Ge, Z., & Zheng, S. (2006). Silymarin causes caspases activation and apoptosis in K562 leukemia cells through inactivation of Akt pathway. Toxicology, 227, 211–216.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khorsandi, L., Saki, G., Bavarsad, N., & Mombeini, M. (2017). Silymarin induces a multi-targeted cell death process in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 94, 890–897.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Podder, B., Kim, Y. S., Zerin, T., & Song, H. Y. (2012). Antioxidant effect of silymarin on paraquat-induced human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 3206–3214.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scavo, M. P., Gentile, E., Wolfram, J., Gu, J., Barone, M., Evangelopoulos, M., Martinez, J. O., Liu, X., Celia, C., Tasciotti, E., Vilar, E., & Shen, H. (2015). Multistage vector delivery of sulindac and silymarin for prevention of colon cancer. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 136, 694–703.

Article  CAS  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif