Demiroglu-Zergeroglu, A., Ergene, E., Ayvali, N., Kuete, V., & Sivas, H. (2016). Quercetin and Cisplatin combined treatment altered cell cycle and mitogen activated protein kinase expressions in malignant mesotelioma cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16, 1–6.
Dutta, S., Mahalanobish, S., Saha, S., Ghosh, S., & Sil, P. C. (2019). Natural products: An upcoming therapeutic approach to cancer. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 128, 240–255.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kuete, V., Ngnintedo, D., Fotso, G. W., Karaosmanoğlu, O., Ngadjui, B. T., Keumedjio, F., Yeboah, S. O., Andrae-Marobela, K., & Sivas, H. (2018). Cytotoxicity of seputhecarpan D, thonningiol and 12 other phytochemicals from African flora towards human carcinoma cells. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18, 36.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Abouzid, S. F., Chen, S. N., McAlpine, J. B., Friesen, J. B., & Pauli, G. F. (2016). Silybum marianum pericarp yields enhanced silymarin products. Fitoterapia, 112, 136–143.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Esmaeil, N., Anaraki, S. B., Gharagozloo, M., & Moayedi, B. (2017). Silymarin impacts on immune system as an immunomodulator: One key for many locks. International Immunopharmacology, 50, 194–201.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Giuliani, C., Tani, C., Maleci Bini, L., Fico, G., Colombo, R., & Martinelli, T. (2018). Localization of phenolic compounds in the fruits of Silybum marianum characterized by different silymarin chemotype and altered colour. Fitoterapia, 130, 210–218.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hadi, A., Pourmasoumi, M., Mohammadi, H., Symonds, M., & Miraghajani, M. (2018). The effects of silymarin supplementation on metabolic status and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 41, 311–319.
Taleb, A., Ahmad, K. A., Ihsan, A. U., Qu, J., Lin, N., Hezam, K., Koju, N., Hui, L., & Qilong, D. (2018). Antioxidant effects and mechanism of silymarin in oxidative stress induced cardiovascular diseases. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 102, 689–698.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Onaolapo, A. Y., Sulaiman, H., Olofinnade, A. T., & Onaolapo, O. J. (2022). Antidepressant-like potential of silymarin and silymarin-sertraline combination in mice: Highlighting effects on behaviour, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. World Journal of Pharmacology, 11, 27–47.
Rostamian, S., Heidari-Soureshjani, S., & Sherwin, C. M. (2023). The therapeutic effect of Silymarin and Silibinin on depression and anxiety disorders and possible mechanism in the brain: A systematic review. Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 23, 86–94.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Vargas-Mendoza, N., Madrigal-Santillán, E., Morales-González, Á., Esquivel-Soto, J., Esquivel-Chirino, C., García-Luna Y González-Rubio, M., Gayosso-de-Lucio, J. A., & Morales-González, J. A. (2014). Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin. World Journal of Hepatology, 6, 144.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mukhtar, S., Xiaoxiong, Z., Qamer, S., Saad, M., Mubarik, M. S., Mahmoud, A. H., & Mohammed, O. B. (2021). Hepatoprotective activity of silymarin encapsulation against hepatic damage in albino rats. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28, 717–723.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ramasamy, K., & Agarwal, R. (2008). Multitargeted therapy of cancer by silymarin. Cancer Letters, 269, 352–362.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Delmas, D., Xiao, J., Vejux, A., & Aires, V. (2020). Silymarin and cancer: A dual strategy in both in chemoprevention and chemosensitivity. Molecules, 25, 2009.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Koltai, T., & Fliegel, L. (2022). Role of silymarin in cancer treatment: facts, hypotheses, and questions. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 27, 2515690X211068826.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Emadi, S. A., Rahbardar, M. G., Mehri, S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2022). A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and its main constituent, silymarin, on cancer, and their related patents. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 25, 1166.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Singh, M., Kadhim, M. M., Turki Jalil, A., Oudah, S. K., Aminov, Z., Alsaikhan, F., Jawhar, Z. H., Ramírez-Coronel, A. A., & Farhood, B. (2023). A systematic review of the protective effects of silymarin/silibinin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Cancer Cell International, 23, 88.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kaur, M., & Agarwal, R. (2007). Silymarin and epithelial cancer chemoprevention: How close we are to bedside? Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 224, 350–359.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Srinivasan, S., Mohanprasanth, A., Nadeem, A., & Saravanan, M. (2024). Exploring the anti-cancer and antimetastatic effect of silymarin against lung cancer. Toxicology Reports, 13, 101746.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kim, S., Kim, S. H., Hur, S. M., Lee, S. K., Kim, W. W., Kim, J. S., Kim, J. H., Choe, J. H., Nam, S. J., Lee, J. E., & Yang, J. H. (2009). Silibinin prevents TPA-induced MMP-9 expression by down-regulation of COX-2 in human breast cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 126, 252–257.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Soria, E. A., Eynard, A. R., Quiroga, P. L., & Bongiovanni, G. A. (2007). Differential effects of quercetin and silymarin on arsenite-induced cytotoxicity in two human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Life Sciences, 81, 1397–1402.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mohaghegh, F., Solhi, H., & Kazemifar, A. M. (2015). Silymarin (Milk Thistle) can revoke liver enzyme changes during chemotherapy of breast cancer with Taxanes. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 7, 650–652.
Jiang, Y.-y, Wang, H.-j, Wang, J., Tashiro, S.-i, Onodera, S., & Ikejima, T. (2009). The protective effect of silibinin against mitomycin C-induced intrinsic apoptosis in human melanoma A375-S2 cells. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 111, 137–146.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Deep, G., Singh, R. P., Agarwal, C., Kroll, D. J., & Agarwal, R. (2006). Silymarin and silibinin cause G1 and G2-M cell cycle arrest via distinct circuitries in human prostate cancer PC3 cells: A comparison of flavanone silibinin with flavanolignan mixture silymarin. Oncogene, 25, 1053–1069.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zi, X., & Agarwal, R. (2002). Silibinin decreases prostate-specific antigen with cell growth inhibition via G1 arrest, leading to differentiation of prostate carcinoma cells: Implications for prostate cancer intervention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96, 7490–7495.
Singh, R. P., & Agarwal, R. (2002). Flavonoid antioxidant silymarin and skin cancer. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 4, 655–663.
Zhong, X., Zhu, Y., Lu, Q., Zhang, J., Ge, Z., & Zheng, S. (2006). Silymarin causes caspases activation and apoptosis in K562 leukemia cells through inactivation of Akt pathway. Toxicology, 227, 211–216.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Khorsandi, L., Saki, G., Bavarsad, N., & Mombeini, M. (2017). Silymarin induces a multi-targeted cell death process in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 94, 890–897.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Podder, B., Kim, Y. S., Zerin, T., & Song, H. Y. (2012). Antioxidant effect of silymarin on paraquat-induced human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 3206–3214.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Scavo, M. P., Gentile, E., Wolfram, J., Gu, J., Barone, M., Evangelopoulos, M., Martinez, J. O., Liu, X., Celia, C., Tasciotti, E., Vilar, E., & Shen, H. (2015). Multistage vector delivery of sulindac and silymarin for prevention of colon cancer. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 136, 694–703.
Comments (0)