Unveiling the potential of prodrug and drug-conjugate strategies in treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications

Padhi S, Nayak AK, Behera A. Type II diabetes mellitus: a review on recent drug based therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;131:110708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110708

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Etemadi A, Dabaghi P, Hosseini Y, Gholampourdehaki M, Solouki S, Gholamhosseini L, et al. Identifying depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the role of glucose variability and concomitant hypothyroidism. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2023;7:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-023-01177-5

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu Z, Zhang Q, Liu L, Liu W. Risk factors associated with early postpartum glucose intolerance in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr J 2023;16:1–5.

Google Scholar 

Fedorchenko Y, Mahmudov K, Abenov Z, Zimba O, Yessirkepov M. Diabetes mellitus in rheumatic diseases: clinical characteristics and treatment considerations. Rheumatol Int 2023;17:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-023-05453-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, Larrea-Sebal A, Siddiqi H, Uribe KB, et al. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:6275 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Olokoba AB, Obateru OA, Olokoba LB. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of current trends. Oman Med J. 2012;27:269–73. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2012.68

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lin C, Cai X, Yang W, Lv F, Nie L, Ji L. Age, sex, disease severity, and disease duration difference in placebo response: implications from a meta-analysis of diabetes mellitus. BMC Med. 2020;18:322. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01787-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tomic D, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ. The burden and risks of emerging complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18:525–539. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00690-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ke C, Narayan KMV, Chan JCN, Jha P, Shah BR. Pathophysiology, phenotypes and management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian and Chinese populations. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18:413–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00669-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sonmez A, Sabbour H, Echtay A, Rahmah AM, Alhozali AM, Al Sabaan FS, et al. Current gaps in management and timely referral of cardiorenal complications among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Middle East and African countries: expert recommendations. J Diabetes. 2022;14:315–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13266

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chisalunda A, Ng'ambi WF, Tarimo NS, Banda NPK, Muula AS, Kumwenda J, et al. Quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi: a mixed-methods study. PLoS Glob Public Health. 2023;3:e0002367 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002367

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chawla R, Madhu SV, Makkar BM, Ghosh S, Saboo B, Kalra S, et al. RSSDI-ESI clinical practice recommendations for the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;24:1–122. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijem.IJEM_225_20

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roth G, Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global burden of disease study 2017 (GBD 2017) results. Seattle, United States: institute for health metrics and evaluation (IHME). Lancet. 2018;392:1736–88.

Article  Google Scholar 

Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ; IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition scientific committee. IDF DIABETES ATLAS [Internet]. 10th edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK581934/

Tomic D, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ. The burden and risks of emerging complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18:525–39. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00690-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Raghavan S, Vassy JL, Ho YL, Song RJ, Gagnon DR, Cho K, et al. Diabetes mellitus-related all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a National Cohort of adults. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8:e011295. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.011295

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Øyen N, Diaz LJ, Leirgul E, Boyd HA, Priest J, Mathiesen ER, et al. Prepregnancy diabetes and offspring risk of congenital heart disease: a nationwide Cohort study. Circ 2016;133:2243–53. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017465

Article  Google Scholar 

LeRoith D, Biessels GJ, Braithwaite SS, Casanueva FF, Draznin B, Halter JB, et al. Treatment of diabetes in older adults: an endocrine society* clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:1520–74. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00198

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Low Wang CC, Hess CN, Hiatt WR, Goldfine AB. Clinical update: cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure in Type 2 diabetes mellitus - mechanisms, management, and clinical considerations. Circulation. 2016;133:2459–502. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022194

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tan Y, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Wintergerst KA, Keller BB, Cai L. Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17:585–607. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0339-2

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chaudhury A, Duvoor C, Reddy Dendi VS, Kraleti S, Chada A, Ravilla R, et al. Clinical review of antidiabetic drugs: implications for Type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017;8:6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tahrani AA, Barnett AH, Bailey CJ. Pharmacology and therapeutic implications of current drugs for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016;12:566–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.86

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Susilawati E, Levita J, Susilawati Y, Sumiwi SA. Review of the case reports on metformin, sulfonylurea, and thiazolidinedione therapies in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Med Sci Res. 2023;11:50 https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci11030050

Article  Google Scholar 

Moon MK, Hur KY, Ko SH, Park SO, Lee BW, Kim JH, et al. Combination therapy of oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41:357–66. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.5.357

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Veelen A, Erazo-Tapia E, Oscarsson J, Schrauwen P. Type 2 diabetes subgroups and potential medication strategies in relation to effects on insulin resistance and beta-cell function: A step toward personalised diabetes treatment?. Mol Metab. 2021;46:101158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101158.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen K, Yao X, Tang T, Chen LM, Xiao C, Wang JY, et al. Thiazole-based and thiazolidine-based protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors as potential anti-diabetes agents. Med Chem Res. 2021;30:519–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-020-02668-4

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mor S, Sindhu S. Synthesis, Type II diabetes inhibitory activity, antimicrobial evaluation and docking studies of indeno [1, 2-c] pyrazol-4 (1 H)-ones. Med Chem Res. 2020;29:46–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-019-02457-8

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Markovic M, Ben-Shabat S, Dahan A. Prodrugs for improved drug delivery: lessons learned from recently developed and marketed products. Int J Pharm. 2020;12:1031 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111031

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bhilare NV, Dhaneshwar SS, Mahadik KR, Dasgupta A, Zende T, Kapoor S. Hepatoprotective bile acid co-drug of isoniazid: synthesis, kinetics and investigation of antimycobacterial potential. Pharm Chem J. 2020;54:678–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-020-02256-1

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bhilare NV, Marulkar VS, Kumar D, Chatap VK, Patil KS, Shirote PJ. An insight into prodrug strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res. 2022;31:383–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-022-02859-1

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bhosle D, Bharambe S, Gairola N, Dhaneshwar SS. Mutual prodrug concept: fundamentals and applications. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2006;68:286–94. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.26654

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dhaneshwar SS, Gairola N, Kandpal M, Vadnerkar G, Bhatt L, Rathi B, et al. Synthesis, kinetic studies and pharmacological evaluation of mutual azo prodrugs of 5-aminosalicylic acid for colon-specific drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Med Chem. 2009;44:3922–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.04.018

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stella VJ, Nti-Addae KW. Prodrug strategies to overcome poor water solubility. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007;59:677–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.013

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stella VJ. Prodrugs: Some thoughts and current issues. J Pharm Sci. 2010;99:4755–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.22205

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Han HK, Amidon GL Targeted prodrug design to optimize drug delivery. AAPS Pharmsci. 2000; 48-58. https://doi.org/10.1208/ps020106

Dahan A, Khamis M, Agbaria R, Karaman R. Targeted prodrugs in oral drug delivery: the modern molecular biopharmaceutical approach. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2012;9:1001–13. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2012.697055

Comments (0)

No login
gif