Bernal J. Thyroid hormone receptors in brain development and function. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007;3(3):249–59.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
de Escobar GM, Obregón MJ, del Rey FE. Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;18(2):225–48.
Iskaros J, Pickard M, Evans I, Sinha A, Hardiman P, Ekins R. Thyroid hormone receptor gene expression in first trimester human fetal brain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(7):2620–3.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sahay RK, Nagesh VS. Hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(3):364.
Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
Alexander Erik K, Pearce Elizabeth N, Brent Gregory A, Brown Rosalind S, Grobman William A, Lazarus John H, et al. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid. 2017;27:315–89.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sander JW. The epidemiology of epilepsy revisited. Curr Opin Neurol. 2003;16(2):165–70.
ILAE Commission. Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy. Commission on Epidemiology and Prognosis International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1993;34(4):592–6.
Fisher RS, Boas WVE, Blume W, Elger C, Genton P, Lee P, et al. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 2005;46(4):470–2.
Arpino C, Domizio S, Carrieri MP, Brescianini S, Sabatino G, Curatolo P. Prenatal and perinatal determinants of neonatal seizures occurring in the first week of life. J Child Neurol. 2001;16(9):651–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Guerrini R. Epilepsy in children. Lancet. 2006;367(9509):499–524.
Tamijani SMS, Karimi B, Amini E, Golpich M, Dargahi L, Ali RA, et al. Thyroid hormones: possible roles in epilepsy pathology. Seizure. 2015;31:155–64.
Han JY, Lee IG, Shin S, Park J. Seizure duration may increase thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in children experiencing a seizure. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(5):0300060519888401.
O’Shea PJ, Williams GR. Insight into the physiological actions of thyroid hormone receptors from genetically modified mice. J Endocrinol. 2002;175(3):553–70.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ng L, Pedraza PE, Faris JS, Vennström B, Curran T, de Escobar GM, et al. Audiogenic seizure susceptibility in thyroid hormone receptor β-deficient mice. NeuroReport. 2001;12(11):2359–62.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Aydin A, Cemeroglu AP, Baklan B. Thyroxine-induced hypermotor seizure. Seizure. 2004;13(1):61–5.
Andersen SL, Laurberg P, Wu CS, Olsen J. Maternal thyroid dysfunction and risk of seizure in the child: a Danish nationwide cohort study. J Pregnancy. 2013;2013: 636705.
Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
Andersen SL, Andersen S, Vestergaard P, Olsen J. Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental disorders: a Danish nationwide case-cohort study. Thyroid. 2018;28(4):537–46.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ahmed RG. Maternal thyroid disorders and risk of neonatal seizure: current perspective. ARC J Neurosci. 2018;3(1):21–5.
James SR, Franklyn JA, Kilby MD. Placental transport of thyroid hormone. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;21(2):253–64.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Forhead AJ, Fowden AL. Thyroid hormones in fetal growth and prepartum maturation. J Endocrinol. 2014;221(3):R87–103.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hospital Authority HK. Hospital Authority Statistical Report 2016–2017. https://www3.ha.org.hk/data/HAStatistics/DownloadReport/2?isPreview=False.
Lau WCY, Chan EW, Cheung C-L, Sing CW, Man KKC, Lip GYH, et al. Association between dabigatran vs warfarin and risk of osteoporotic fractures among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2017;317(11):1151–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lau WCY, Cheung C-L, Man KKC, Chan EW, Sing CW, Lip GYH, et al. Association between treatment with apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin and risk for osteoporotic fractures among patients with atrial fibrillation: a population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(1):1–9.
Man KKC, Chan EW, Ip P, Coghill D, Simonoff E, Chan PKL, et al. Prenatal antidepressant use and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2017;357:j2350.
Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
Wang Z, Chan AYL, Ho PWH, Wong KHTW, Brauer R, Besag FMC, et al. Prenatal exposure to antidepressants or antipsychotics and the risk of seizure in children. World Psychiatry. 2022;21(2):322–3.
Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
Ge GM, Cheung ECL, Man KKC, Ip P, Leung WC, Li GHY, et al. Association of maternal levothyroxine use during pregnancy with offspring birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a population-based cohort study. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):1–12.
Chan AYL, Gao L, Howard LM, Simonoff E, Coghill D, Ip P, et al. Maternal benzodiazepines and z-drugs use during pregnancy and adverse birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring: a population-based cohort study. Psychother Psychosom. 2023;92:113–23.
Wang Z, Chan AYL, Coghill D, Ip P, Lau WCY, Simonoff E, et al. Association between prenatal exposure to antipsychotics and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(10):1332–40.
Article CAS PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
Webster-Clark M, Stürmer T, Wang T, Man K, Marinac-Dabic D, Rothman KJ, et al. Using propensity scores to estimate effects of treatment initiation decisions: state of the science. Stat Med. 2021;40(7):1718–35.
Bunevicius R, Velickiene D, Prange AJ Jr. Mood and anxiety disorders in women with treated hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy caused by Graves’ disease. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2005;27(2):133–9.
Silva DR, Gazzana MB, John ÂB, Siqueira DR, Maia ALS, Barreto SSM. Pulmonary arterial hypertension and thyroid disease. J Bras Pneumol. 2009;35:179–85.
Hage M, Zantout MS, Azar ST. Thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus. J Thyroid Res. 2011;2011: 439463.
Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
Desai RJ, Franklin JM. Alternative approaches for confounding adjustment in observational studies using weighting based on the propensity score: a primer for practitioners. BMJ. 2019;367:l5657.
Desai RJ, Rothman KJ, Bateman BT, Hernandez-Diaz S, Huybrechts KF. A propensity score based fine stratification approach for confounding adjustment when exposure is infrequent. Epidemiology. 2017;28(2):249.
Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
Stuart EA, King G, Imai K, Ho D. MatchIt: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference. J Stat Softw. 2011.
Austin PC. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivar Behav Res. 2011;46(3):399–424.
Jarrett SG, Liang L-P, Hellier JL, Staley KJ, Patel M. Mitochondrial DNA damage and impaired base excision repair during epileptogenesis. Neurobiol Dis. 2008;30(1):130–8.
Article CAS PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar
Kudin AP, Zsurka G, Elger CE, Kunz WS. Mitochondrial involvement in temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol. 2009;218(2):326–32.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Folbergrová J, Kunz WS. Mitochondrial dysfunction in epilepsy. Mitochondrion. 2012;12(1):35–40.
Sestoft L. Metabolic aspects of the calorigenic effect of thyroid hormone in mammals. Clin Endocrinol. 1980;13(5):489–506.
Weitzel JM, Iwen KAH, Seitz HJ. Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by thyroid hormone. Exp Physiol. 2003;88(1):121–8.
Comments (0)