So JY, Ohm J, Lipkowitz S, Yang L (2022) Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): non-genetic tumor heterogeneity and immune microenvironment: emerging treatment options. Pharmacol Ther 237:108253

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang Y, Li H, Yang W, Shi Y (2024) Improving efficacy of TNBC immunotherapy: based on analysis and subtyping of immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 15:1441667

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Niture S, Ghosh S, Jaboin J, Seneviratne D (2025) Tumor microenvironment dynamics of triple-negative breast cancer under radiation therapy. Int J Mol Sci 26:2795

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Won KA, Spruck C (2020) Triple-negative breast cancer therapy: current and future perspectives (Review). Int J Oncol 57:1245–1261

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leon-Ferre RA, Goetz MP (2023) Advances in systemic therapies for triple negative breast cancer. BMJ 381:e071674

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao S, Ma D, Xiao Y et al (2020) Molecular subtyping of triple-negative breast cancers by immunohistochemistry: molecular basis and clinical relevance. Oncologist 25:e1481–e1491

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sukumar J, Gast K, Quiroga D, Lustberg M, Williams N (2021) Triple-negative breast cancer: promising prognostic biomarkers currently in development. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 21:135–148

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Apte RS, Chen DS, Ferrara N (2019) VEGF in signaling and disease: beyond discovery and development. Cell 176:1248–1264

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goggins E, Mironchik Y, Kakkad S et al (2023) Reprogramming of VEGF-mediated extracellular matrix changes through autocrine signaling. Cancer Biol Ther 24:2184145

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Zhang H, Merkher Y et al (2022) Recent advances in therapeutic strategies for triple-negative breast cancer. J Hematol Oncol 15:121

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L (2023) Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 8:198

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Curigliano G, Pivot X, Cortes J et al (2013) Randomized phase II study of sunitinib versus standard of care for patients with previously treated advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Breast 22:650–656

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sun H, Zhang D, Yao Z et al (2017) Anti-angiogenic treatment promotes triple-negative breast cancer invasion via vasculogenic mimicry. Cancer Biol Ther 18:205–213

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bergers G, Hanahan D (2008) Modes of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 8:592–603

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Singleton DC, Rouhi P, Zois CE et al (2015) Hypoxic regulation of RIOK3 is a major mechanism for cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Oncogene 34:4713–4722

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel SA, Nilsson MB, Le X, Cascone T, Jain RK, Heymach JV (2023) Molecular mechanisms and future implications of VEGF/VEGFR in cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 29:30–39

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jaszai J, Schmidt MHH (2019) Trends and challenges in tumor anti-angiogenic therapies. Cells 8:1102

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kes MMG, den Van Bossche J, Griffioen AW, Huijbers EJM (2020) Oncometabolites lactate and succinate drive pro-angiogenic macrophage response in tumors. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) 1874:188427

CAS  Google Scholar 

Rowe SP, Pomper MG (2022) Molecular imaging in oncology: current impact and future directions. CA Cancer J Clin 72:333–352

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wegner CS, Hauge A, Simonsen TG, Gaustad JV, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK (2018) DCE-MRI of sunitinib-induced changes in tumor microvasculature and hypoxia: a study of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts. Neoplasia 20:734–744

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Levashova Z, Backer M, Hamby CV, Pizzonia J, Backer JM, Blankenberg FG (2010) Molecular imaging of changes in the prevalence of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in sunitinib-treated murine mammary tumors. J Nucl Med 51:959–966

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

O’Connor JP, Jayson GC (2012) Do imaging biomarkers relate to outcome in patients treated with VEGF inhibitors? Clin Cancer Res 18:6588–6598

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robinson SP, Boult JKR, Vasudev NS, Reynolds AR (2017) Monitoring the vascular response and resistance to Sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma in vivo with susceptibility contrast MRI. Cancer Res 77:4127–4134

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Laakkonen P, Åkerman ME, Biliran H et al (2004) Antitumor activity of a homing peptide that targets tumor lymphatics and tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:9381–9386

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Song N, Zhao L, Zhu M, Zhao J (2019) Recent progress in LyP-1-based strategies for targeted imaging and therapy. Drug Deliv 26:363–375

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Simón-Gracia L, Scodeller P, Fuentes SS et al (2018) Application of polymersomes engineered to target p32 protein for detection of small breast tumors in mice. Oncotarget 9:18682–18697

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fogal V, Zhang L, Krajewski S, Ruoslahti E (2008) Mitochondrial/cell-surface protein p32/gC1qR as a molecular target in tumor cells and tumor stroma. Cancer Res 68:7210–7218

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

She ZG, Hamzah J, Kotamraju VR, Pang HB, Jansen S, Ruoslahti E (2016) Plaque-penetrating peptide inhibits development of hypoxic atherosclerotic plaque. J Control Release 238:212–220

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamzah J, Kotamraju VR, Seo JW et al (2011) Specific penetration and accumulation of a homing peptide within atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:7154–7159

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu J, Yang J, Zhao L et al (2021) (131)I-labeled multifunctional polyethylenimine/doxorubicin complexes with pH-contr