Gérard J-P, Conroy T, Bonnetain F, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy with or without concurrent fluorouracil and leucovorin in T3–4 rectal cancers: results of FFCD 9203. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2006;24(28):4620–5. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.06.7629.
Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(17):1731–40. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040694.
Sauer R, Liersch T, Merkel S, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2012;30(16):1926–33. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.40.1836.
Ngan SY, Burmeister B, Fisher RJ, et al. Randomized trial of short course radiotherapy versus long-course chemoradiation comparing rates of local recurrence in patients with T3 rectal cancer: Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group trial 01.04. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2012;30(31):3827–33. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.42.9597.
Erlandsson J, Holm T, Pettersson D, et al. Optimal fractionation of preoperative radiotherapy and timing to surgery for rectal cancer (Stockholm III): a multicentre, randomised, non-blinded, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(3):336–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30086-4.
Colorectal Cancer - Statistics. Cancer.Net. Published June 25, 2012. Accessed May 31, 2021. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/colorectal-cancer/statistics
Dworak O, Keilholz L, Hoffmann A. Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1997;12(1):19–23.
Ryan R, Gibbons D, Hyland JMP, et al. Pathological response following long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Histopathology. 2005;47(2):141–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02176.x.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mandard AM, Dalibard F, Mandard JC, et al. Pathologic assessment of tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma. Clinicopathologic correlations Cancer. 1994;73(11):2680–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19940601)73:11%3c2680::aid-cncr2820731105%3e3.0.co;2-c.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(9):638–46. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa010580.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Janjan NA, Crane C, Feig BW, et al. Improved overall survival among responders to preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 2001;24(2):107–12.
Park IJ, You YN, Agarwal A, et al. Neoadjuvant treatment response as an early response indicator for patients with rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2012;30(15):1770–6. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.39.7901.
Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, et al. Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage 0 distal rectal cancer following chemoradiation therapy: long-term results. Ann Surg. 2004;240(4):711–717; discussion 717–718.
Ellis CT, Samuel CA, Stitzenberg KB. National trends in nonoperative management of rectal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol. Published online March 28, 2016:JCO642066. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2066
Yang TJ, Goodman KA. Predicting complete response: is there a role for non-operative management of rectal cancer? J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015;6(2):241–6. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.110.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pham TT, Liney GP, Wong K, Barton MB. Functional MRI for quantitative treatment response prediction in locally advanced rectal cancer. Br J Radiol. 2017;90(1072):20151078. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20151078.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Schurink NW, Lambregts DMJ, Beets-Tan RGH. Diffusion-weighted imaging in rectal cancer: current applications and future perspectives. Br J Radiol. 2019;92(1096):20180655. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180655.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fusco R, Petrillo M, Granata V, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation in neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review. Radiol Oncol. 2017;51(3):252–62. https://doi.org/10.1515/raon-2017-0032.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Park SH, Cho SH, Choi SH, et al. MRI assessment of complete response to preoperative chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer: 2020 guide for practice from the Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology. Korean J Radiol. 2020;21(7):812–28. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2020.0483.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Malayeri AA, El Khouli RH, Zaheer A, et al. Principles and applications of diffusion-weighted imaging in cancer detection, staging, and treatment follow-up. Radiogr Rev Publ Radiol Soc N Am Inc. 2011;31(6):1773–91. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.316115515.
Moffat BA, Chenevert TL, Lawrence TS, et al. Functional diffusion map: a noninvasive MRI biomarker for early stratification of clinical brain tumor response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(15):5524–9. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0501532102.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer Oxf Engl 1990. 2009;45(2):228–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026
Lee MA, Cho SH, Seo AN, et al. Modified 3-point MRI-based tumor regression grade incorporating DWI for locally advanced rectal cancer. Am J Roentgenol. 2017;209(6):1247–55. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.16.17242.
Yoen H, Park HE, Kim SH, et al. Prognostic value of tumor regression grade on MR in rectal cancer: a large-scale, single-center experience. Korean J Radiol. 2020;21(9):1065–76. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2019.0797.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chandramohan A, Siddiqi UM, Mittal R, et al. Diffusion weighted imaging improves diagnostic ability of MRI for determining complete response to neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Eur J Radiol Open. 2020;7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100223
van Heeswijk MM, Lambregts DMJ, Palm WM, et al. DWI for assessment of rectal cancer nodes after chemoradiotherapy: is the absence of nodes at DWI proof of a negative nodal status? Am J Roentgenol. 2016;208(3):W79–84. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.16.17117.
Gollub MJ, Das JP, Bates DDB, et al. Rectal cancer with complete endoscopic response after neoadjuvant therapy: what is the meaning of a positive MRI? Eur Radiol. Published online January 15, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07657-0
Shaverdian N, Yang Y, Hu P, et al. Feasibility evaluation of diffusion-weighted imaging using an integrated MRI-radiotherapy system for response assessment to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer. Br J Radiol. 2017;90(1071):20160739. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20160739.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
De Felice F, Magnante AL, Musio D, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Eur J Surg Oncol J Eur Soc Surg Oncol Br Assoc Surg Oncol. 2017;43(7):1324–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2017.03.010.
Palmisano A, Di Chiara A, Esposito A, et al. MRI prediction of pathological response in locally advanced rectal cancer: when apparent diffusion coefficient radiomics meets conventional volumetry. Clin Radiol. 2020;75(10):798.e1-798.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2020.06.023.
Yang L, Qiu M, Xia C, et al. Value of high-resolution DWI in combination with texture analysis for the evaluation of tumor response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Published online March 12, 2019:1–8. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.18.20689
Bassaneze T, Gonçalves JE, Faria JF, Palma RT, Waisberg J. Quantitative aspects of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in rectal cancer response to neoadjuvant therapy. Radiol Oncol. 2017;51(3):270–6. https://doi.org/10.1515/raon-2017-0025.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tarallo N, Angeretti MG, Bracchi E, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in locally advanced rectal cancer: quantitative evaluation of the complete response to neoadjuvant therapy. Pol J Radiol. 2018;83:e600–9. https://doi.org/10.5114/pjr.2018.81156.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Crimì F, Stramare R, Spolverato G, et al. T2-weighted, apparent diffusion coefficient and 18F-FDG PET histogram analysis of rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Tech Coloproctol. 2021;25(5):569–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-021-02440-9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bulens P, Couwenberg A, Haustermans K, et al. Development and validation of an MRI-based model to predict response to chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol J Eur Soc Ther Radiol Oncol. 2018;126(3):437–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2018.01.008.
Comments (0)