Diabetic retinal disease

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Wong, T. Y. & Tan, T.-E. The diabetic retinopathy ‘pandemic’ and evolving global strategies: the 2023 friedenwald lecture. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 64, 47 (2023).

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Wong, T. Y., Cheung, C. M., Larsen, M., Sharma, S. & Simó, R. Diabetic retinopathy. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 2, 16012 (2016).

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Sun, J. K. et al. Updating the staging system for diabetic retinal disease. Ophthalmology 128, 490–493 (2021). The manuscript provides the evidence why a new staging system for diabetic retinopathy is warranted.

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Levine, S. R., Sapieha, P., Dutta, S., Sun, J. K. & Gardner, T. W. It is time for a moonshot to find ‘cures’ for diabetic retinal disease. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 90, 101051 (2022).

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Tan, T.-E. et al. Imaging modalities for assessing the vascular component of diabetic retinal disease: review and consensus for an updated staging system. Ophthalmol. Sci. 4, 100449 (2024). This manuscript highlights the current evidence and gaps in imaging microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy.

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Glassman, A. R. et al. Visual function measurements in eyes with diabetic retinopathy: an expert opinion on available measures. Ophthalmol. Sci. 4, 100519 (2024). This narrative review on visual function demonstrates the need to integrate visual function measures in future diabetic retinopathy classification.

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Vujosevic, S., Chew, E., Labriola, L., Sivaprasad, S. & Lamoureux, E. Measuring quality of life in diabetic retinal disease: a narrative review of available patient-reported outcome measures. Ophthalmol. Sci. 4, 100378 (2024). This manuscript highlights the lack of PROMs that can be used in diabetic retinopathy clinical trials and practice and the need to develop more appropriate measures.

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Hartnett, M. E. et al. Rationale of basic and cellular mechanisms considered in updating the staging system for diabetic retinal disease. Ophthalmol. Sci. 4, 100521 (2024). This manuscript provides a summary of mechanisms of diabetic retinal disease to inform future classification of diabetic retinal disease.

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Channa, R. et al. A new approach to staging diabetic eye disease: staging of diabetic retinal neurodegeneration and diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmol. Sci. 4, 100420 (2024). This review of current evidence of neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy highlights the evidence gaps especially in early disease.

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Nugawela, M. D. et al. Development and validation of predictive risk models for sight threatening diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes to be applied as triage tools in resource limited settings. eClinicalMedicine 51, 101578 (2022).

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Guo, H. et al. Scoring and validation of a simple model for predicting diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes based on a meta-analysis approach of 21 cohorts. Ann. Med. 56, 2413920 (2024).

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Vujosevic, S., Limoli, C. & Nucci, P. Novel artificial intelligence for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema: what is new in 2024? Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 35, 472–479 (2024).

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Tan, T.-E. & Wong, T. Y. Diabetic retinopathy: looking forward to 2030. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 1077669 (2022).

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Li, J. et al. Integrated image-based deep learning and language models for primary diabetes care. Nat. Med. 30, 2886–2896 (2024).

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Arabi, A., Tadayoni, R., Ahmadieh, H., Shahraki, T. & Nikkhah, H. Update on management of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy without diabetic macular edema; is there a paradigm shift? J. Ophthalmic Vis. Res. 17, 108-117 (2022).

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Somani, S. et al. Characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with diabetic macular edema non-responsive to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in Ontario, Canada. Clin. Ophthalmol. 17, 2013–2025 (2023).

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Bressler, N. M. et al. Biosimilars of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for ophthalmic diseases: a review. Surv. Ophthalmol. 69, 521–538 (2024). As we pave forward to ensure diabetic retinopathy treatment is available and equitable to all, this review provides a comprehensive understanding on biosimilars and their use in ophthalmology.

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Sun, H. et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 183, 109119 (2022).

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No authors listed. Diabetes is ‘a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude’ now affecting one in 10 adults worldwide. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 181, 109133 (2021).

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Teo, Z. L. et al. Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and projection of burden through 2045: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmology 128, 1580–1591 (2021). This systematic review provides the latest and projected figures on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy to demonstrate the global burden of the disease.

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Gurudas, S. et al. National prevalence of vision impairment and blindness and associated risk factors in adults aged 40 years and older with known or undiagnosed diabetes: results from the SMART-India cross-sectional study. Lancet Glob. Health 12, e838–e847 (2024).

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Li, X., Tan, T.-E., Wong, T. Y. & Sun, X. Diabetic retinopathy in China: epidemiology, screening and treatment trends-a review. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 51, 607–626 (2023).

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