GBD (2019) Stroke Collaborators (2021) Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol 20:795–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00252-0

Article  Google Scholar 

GBD (2021) Nervous System Disorders Collaborators (2024) Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet 23:344–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00038-3

Article  Google Scholar 

Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, Cockroft KM, Gutierrez J, Lombardi-Hill D, Kamel H, Kernan WN et al (2021) 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 52:e364–e467. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000375

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Campbell B (2016) Thrombolysis and thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: strengths and synergies. Semin Thromb Hemost 43:185–190. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1585078

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group (1995) Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 333:1581–1587. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199512143332401

Article  Google Scholar 

Sun MS, Jin H, Sun X, Huang S, Zhang FL, Guo ZN, Yang Y (2018) Free radical damage in ischemia-reperfusion injury: an obstacle in acute ischemic stroke after revascularization therapy. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018:3804979. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3804979

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tuo QZ, Zhang ST, Lei P (2022) Mechanisms of neuronal cell death in ischemic stroke and their therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 42:259–305. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21817

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ermine CM, Bivard A, Parsons MW, Baron JC (2021) The ischemic penumbra: from concept to reality. Int J Stroke 16:497–509. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493020975229

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Radak D, Katsiki N, Resanovic I, Jovanovic A, Sudar-Milovanovic E, Zafirovic S, Mousad SA, Isenovic ER (2017) Apoptosis and acute brain ischemia in ischemic stroke. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 15:115–122. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161115666161104095522

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lo EH (2008) A new penumbra: transitioning from injury into repair after stroke. Nat Med 14:497–500. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1735

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu H, Zhao Z, Wu T, Zhang Q, Lu F, Gu J, Jiang T, Xue J (2021) Inhibition of autophagy-dependent pyroptosis attenuates cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. J Cell Mol Med 25:5060–5069. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.16483

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wen J, Chen H, Ren Z, Zhang P, Chen J, Jiang S (2021) Ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles induced ferroptosis via Beclin1/ATG5-dependent autophagy pathway. Nano Converg 8:10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-021-00260-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fearnhead HO, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T (2017) How do we fit ferroptosis in the family of regulated cell death? Cell Death Differ 24:1991–1998. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2017.149

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tuo QZ, Lei P (2024) Ferroptosis in ischemic stroke animal models and mechanisms. Zool Res 45:1235–1248. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.239

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

An H, Zhou B, Ji X (2021) Mitochondrial quality control in acute ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 41:3157–3170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211046992

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ward DM, Cloonan SM (2019) Mitochondrial iron in human health and disease. Annu Rev Physiol 81:453–482. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114742

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dhillon S (2018) Semaglutide: first global approval. Drugs 78:275–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-018-0871-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Paiva IHR, da Silva RS, Mendonça IP, de Souza JRB, Peixoto CA (2024) Semaglutide attenuates anxious and depressive-like behaviors and reverses the cognitive impairment in a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 19:36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-024-10142-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang ZJ, Li XR, Chai SF, Li WR, Li S, Hou M, Li JL, Ye YC et al (2023) Semaglutide ameliorates cognition and glucose metabolism dysfunction in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via the GLP-1R/SIRT1/GLUT4 pathway. Neuropharmacology 240:109716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109716

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen R, Qin S, Lv Y, Liu D, Ke Q, Shi C, Jiang L, Yang J et al (2024) GLP-1 receptor agonist attenuates tubular cell ferroptosis in diabetes via enhancing AMPK-fatty acid metabolism pathway through macropinocytosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1870:167060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167060

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhalla S, Mehan S, Khan A, Rehman MU (2022) Protective role of IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling activation in neurological dysfunctions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 142:104896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104896

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang V, Tseng KY, Kuo TT, Huang EY, Lan KL, Chen ZR, Ma KH, Greig NH et al (2024) Attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological disruption with PT320 delays dopamine degeneration in MitoPark mice. J Biomed Sci 31:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-024-01025-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang X, Feng P, Zhang X, Li D, Wang R, Ji C, Li G, Hölscher C (2019) The diabetes drug semaglutide reduces infarct size, inflammation, and apoptosis, and normalizes neurogenesis in a rat model of stroke. Neuropharmacology 158:107748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107748

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Q, Liu C, Shi R, Zhou S, Shan H, Deng L, Chen T, Guo Y et al (2022) Blocking C3d+/GFAP+ A1 astrocyte conversion with semaglutide attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in mice after ischemic stroke. Aging Dis 13:943–959. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.1029

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hopkins AL (2008) Network pharmacology: the next paradigm in drugdiscovery. Nat Chem Biol 4:682–690. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.118

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen R, Li L, Weng Z (2003) Zdock: An initial-stage protein-docking algorithm. Proteins Struct Funct Bioinform 52:80–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.10389

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Porter KA, Xia B, Beglov D, Bohnuud T, Alam N, Schueler-Furman O, Kozakov D (2017) ClusPro PeptiDock: efficient global dockingof peptide recognition motifs using FFT. Bioinformatics 33:3299–3301. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx216

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Petsalaki E, Russell RB (2008) Peptide-mediated interactions in biological systems: new discoveries and applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 19:344–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2008.06.004

Article  CAS  PubMed