Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA et al (2007) Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 298:2038–2047. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.17.2038

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Remuzzi G, Benigni A, Remuzzi A (2006) Mechanisms of progression and regression of renal lesions of chronic nephropathies and diabetes. J Clin Invest 116:288–296. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI27699

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van Rijn MHC, van de Luijtgaarden M, van Zuilen AD et al (2021) Prognostic models for chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and external validation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 36:1837–1850. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa155

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prouvot J, Pambrun E, Antoine V et al (2022) Low performance of prognostic tools for predicting death before dialysis in older patients with advanced CKD. J Nephrol 35:993–1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-021-01180-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tangri N, Grams ME, Levey AS et al (2016) Multinational assessment of accuracy of equations for predicting risk of kidney failure: a meta-analysis. JAMA 315:164–174. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.18202

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tangri N, Stevens LA, Griffith J et al (2011) A Predictive model for progression of chronic kidney disease to kidney failure. JAMA 305:1553–1559. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.451

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

(2021) Recommendations | Chronic kidney disease: assessment and management | Guidance | NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng203/chapter/Recommendations#risk-assessment-referral-criteria-and-shared-care. Accessed 17 Apr 2023

Schulz C, Messikh Z, Reboul P et al (2022) Characteristics of outpatients referred for a first consultation with a nephrologist: impact of different guidelines. J Nephrol 35:1375–1385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-021-01204-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stevens PE, Ahmed SB, Carrero JJ et al (2024) KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 105:S117–S314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018

Article  Google Scholar 

HAS (2023) Guide du parcours de soins – Maladie rénale chronique de l’adulte (MRC)

Prouvot J, Pambrun E, Couchoud C et al (2021) Low performance of prognostic tools for predicting dialysis in elderly people with advanced CKD. J Nephrol 34:1201–1213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00919-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hundemer GL, Tangri N, Sood MM et al (2021) The effect of age on performance of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation in advanced CKD. Kidney International Reports 6:2993–3001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2021.09.006

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ramspek CL, Teece L, Snell KIE et al (2021) Lessons learnt when accounting for competing events in the external validation of time-to-event prognostic models. Int J Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyab256

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ravani P, Fiocco M, Liu P et al (2019) Influence of Mortality on Estimating the Risk of Kidney Failure in People with Stage 4 CKD. JASN 30:2219–2227. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2019060640

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ali I, Donne RL, Kalra PA (2021) A validation study of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation in advanced chronic kidney disease according to disease aetiology with evaluation of discrimination, calibration and clinical utility. BMC Nephrol 22:194. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-021-02402-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wen CP, Chang CH, Tsai MK et al (2017) Diabetes with early kidney involvement may shorten life expectancy by 16 years. Kidney Int 92:388–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.030

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koye DN, Magliano DJ, Nelson RG, Pavkov ME (2018) The global epidemiology of diabetes and kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 25:121–132. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2017.10.011

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hundemer GL, Tangri N, Sood MM et al (2020) Performance of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation by disease etiology in advanced CKD. CJASN 15:1424–1432. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.03940320

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamanouchi M, Hoshino J, Ubara Y et al (2018) Value of adding the renal pathological score to the Kidney Failure Risk Equation in advanced diabetic nephropathy. PLoS ONE 13:e0190930. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190930

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH et al (2009) A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 150:604–612. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Agence de la Biomédecine (2019) Rapport REIN 2019

Chung WK, Erion K, Florez JC et al (2020) Precision medicine in diabetes: a consensus report from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 43:1617–1635. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0022

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Buuren S van, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K, Vink G, et al (2022) mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations

Hanley JA, McNeil BJ (1982) The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL (1988) Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 44:837–845. https://doi.org/10.2307/2531595

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moons KGM, Altman DG, Reitsma JB et al (2015) Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): Explanation and Elaboration. Ann Intern Med 162:W1–W73. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-0698

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Walker H, Day S, Grant CH et al (2024) Representation of multimorbidity and frailty in the development and validation of kidney failure prognostic prediction models: a systematic review. BMC Med 22:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03649-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Titze S, Schmid M, Kottgen A et al (2015) Disease burden and risk profile in referred patients with moderate chronic kidney disease: composition of the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) cohort. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30:441–451. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfu294

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alencar de Pinho N, Capgras J-B, Speyer É et al (2021) Réalité de la prise en charge de la maladie rénale chronique en néphrologie en France : étude de cohorte CKD-REIN. Nephrol Ther 17:496–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2021.06.008

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nicola LD, Minutolo R, Chiodini P et al (2012) The effect of increasing age on the prognosis of non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease receiving stable nephrology care. Kidney Int 82:482–488. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2012.174

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Riley RD, Debray TPA, Collins GS et al (2021) Minimum sample size for external validation of a clinical prediction model with a binary outcome. Stat Med 40:4230–4251. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.9025

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zee J, Muenz D, McCullough KP et al (2022) Potential surrogate outcomes for kidney failure in advanced CKD: evaluation of power and predictive ability in CKDopps. Kidney Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2021.10.008

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Résimont G, Vranken L, Pottel H et al (2022) Estimating urine albumin to creatinine ratio from protein to creatinine ratio using same day measurement: validation of equations. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 60:1064–1072.