Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A et al (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71(3):209–249
Akinyemiju T, Abera S, Ahmed M, Alam N, Alemayohu MA, Allen C et al (2017) The burden of primary liver cancer and underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2015 at the global, regional, and national level: Results from the global burden of disease study 2015. JAMA Oncol 3(12):1683–1691
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
White DL, Thrift AP, Kanwal F, Davila J, El-Serag HB (2017) Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in all 50 united states, from 2000 through 2012. Gastroenterology 152(4):812–820
Cancer IAfRo. Cancer today 2023 [Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis-table?v=2020&mode=cancer&mode_population=continents&population=900&populations=908&key=asr&sex=0&cancer=39&type=1&statistic=5&prevalence=0&population_group=0&ages_group%5B%5D=0&ages_group%5B%5D=17&group_cancer=0&include_nmsc=0&include_nmsc_other=1
European Association for the Study of the Liver (2018) Electronic address eee, European Association for the Study of the L. Easl clinical practice guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 69(1):182–236
Sangiovanni A, Prati GM, Fasani P, Ronchi G, Romeo R, Manini M et al (2006) The natural history of compensated cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus: a 17-year cohort study of 214 patients. Hepatology 43(6):1303–1310
Yang HI, Lu SN, Liaw YF, You SL, Sun CA, Wang LY et al (2002) Hepatitis b e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 347(3):168–174
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chen C-J, Yang H-I, Su J, Jen C-L, You S-L, Lu S-N et al (2006) Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis b virus DNA level. JAMA 295(1):65–73
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yu M-W, Yeh S-H, Chen P-J, Liaw Y-F, Lin C-L, Liu C-J et al (2005) Hepatitis B virus genotype and DNA level and hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study in men. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 97(4):265–272
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Raimondi S, Bruno S, Mondelli MU, Maisonneuve P (2009) Hepatitis c virus genotype 1b as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma development: A meta-analysis. J Hepatol 50(6):1142–1154
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Ilyas J, Duan Z, El-Serag HB (2014) HCV genotype 3 is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in a national sample of US Veterans with HCV. Hepatology 60(1):98–105
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Nahon P, Sutton A, Rufat P, Ziol M, Akouche H, Laguillier C et al (2009) Myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase 2 polymorphisms comodulate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and death in alcoholic cirrhosis. Hepatology 50(5):1484–1493
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mancebo A, González-Diéguez ML, Cadahía V, Varela M, Pérez R, Navascués CA et al (2013) Annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and identification of risk groups. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 11(1):95–101
Hsu IC, Metcalf RA, Sun T, Welsh JA, Wang NJ, Harris CC (1991) Mutational hot spot in the p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Nature 350(6317):427–428
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chang MH, You SL, Chen CJ, Liu CJ, Lai MW, Wu TC et al (2016) Long-term effects of hepatitis b immunization of infants in preventing liver cancer. Gastroenterology 151(3):472–80.e1
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
World Health Organization = Organisation mondiale de la S (2017) Weekly epidemiological record, 2017, vol. 92, 27 [full issue]. Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire. 92(27):369–92
Lampertico P, Agarwal K, Berg T, Buti M, Janssen HL, Papatheodoridis G et al (2017) Easl 2017 clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis b virus infection. J Hepatol 67(2):370–398
Shiina S, Tateishi R, Arano T, Uchino K, Enooku K, Nakagawa H et al (2012) Radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: 10-year outcome and prognostic factors. Am J Gastroenterol 107(4):569–577 (quiz 78)
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lencioni R, Cioni D, Crocetti L, Franchini C, Pina CD, Lera J et al (2005) Early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: Long-term results of percutaneous image-guided radiofrequency ablation. Radiology 234(3):961–967
Tateishi R, Shiina S, Teratani T, Obi S, Sato S, Koike Y et al (2005) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma. An analysis of 1000 cases. Cancer 103(6):1201–1209
Livraghi T, Meloni F, Di Stasi M, Rolle E, Solbiati L, Tinelli C et al (2008) Sustained complete response and complications rates after radiofrequency ablation of very early hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Is resection still the treatment of choice? Hepatology 47(1):82–89
Yan K, Chen MH, Yang W, Wang YB, Gao W, Hao CY et al (2008) Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: Long-term outcome and prognostic factors. Eur J Radiol 67(2):336–347
Kim YS, Lim HK, Rhim H, Lee MW, Choi D, Lee WJ et al (2013) Ten-year outcomes of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation as first-line therapy of early hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of prognostic factors. J Hepatol 58(1):89–97
Shiina S, Sato K, Tateishi R, Shimizu M, Ohama H, Hatanaka T et al (2018) Percutaneous ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of various ablation techniques and surgery. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018:4756147
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen HY, Juan CC, Ker CG (2008) Laparoscopic liver surgery for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 15(3):800–806
Yin Z, Fan X, Ye H, Yin D, Wang J (2013) Short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic and open hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 20(4):1203–1215
Hong SK, Lee KW, Hong SY, Suh S, Hong K, Han ES et al (2021) Efficacy of liver resection for single large hepatocellular carcinoma in child-pugh a cirrhosis: analysis of a nationwide cancer registry database. Front Oncol 11:674603
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Santopaolo F, Lenci I, Milana M, Manzia TM, Baiocchi L (2019) Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Where do we stand? World J Gastroenterol 25(21):2591–2602
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, Andreola S, Pulvirenti A, Bozzetti F et al (1996) Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 334(11):693–699
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lencioni R, Petruzzi P, Crocetti L (2013) Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Intervent Radiol 30(1):3–11
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fan Y, Xue H, Zheng H (2022) Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current updates and outlook. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 9:233–263
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ntellas P, Chau I (2024) Updates on systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 44(1):e430028
Young M, John S (2025) Hepatic chemoembolization. Statpearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright© 2025, StatPearls Publishing LLC
Lee HN, Hyun D (2023) Complications related to transarterial treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review. Korean J Radiol 24(3):204–223
Comments (0)