Hansen SEJ, Madsen CM, Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG (2019) Low-Grade inflammation in the association between Mild-to-Moderate hypertriglyceridemia and risk of acute pancreatitis: A study of more than 115000 individuals from the general population. Clin Chem 65(2):321–332. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2018.294926

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hegele RA, Ginsberg HN, Chapman MJ, Nordestgaard BG, Kuivenhoven JA, Averna M et al (2014) The polygenic nature of hypertriglyceridaemia: implications for definition, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2(8):655–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70191-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Austin MA, King MC, Vranizan KM, Krauss RM (1990) Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk. Circulation 82(2):495–506. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.82.2.495

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miller M, Seidler A, Moalemi A, Pearson TA (1998) Normal triglyceride levels and coronary artery disease events: the Baltimore coronary observational Long-Term study. J Am Coll Cardiol 31(6):1252–1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00083-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA et al (2009) Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; National heart, lung, and blood institute; American heart association; world heart federation; international atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity. Circulation 120(16):1640–1645. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.109.192644

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chait A (2022) Hypertriglyceridemia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 51(3):539–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biondi B, Cooper DS (2008) The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr Rev 29(1):76–131. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2006-0043

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu X, Cheng SY (2010) New insights into regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormone. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 17(5):408–413. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0b013e32833d6d46

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang D, Wei Y, Huang Q, Chen Y, Zeng K, Yang W et al (2022) Important hormones regulating lipid metabolism. Molecules 27(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207052

Angelin B, Rudling M (2010) Lipid Lowering with thyroid hormone and thyromimetics. Curr Opin Lipidol 21(6):499–506. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283402e9c

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu YY, Brent GA (2010) Thyroid hormone crosstalk with nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic regulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 21(3):166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2009.11.004

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klieverik LP, Coomans CP, Endert E, Sauerwein HP, Havekes LM, Voshol PJ et al (2009) Thyroid hormone effects on whole-body energy homeostasis and tissue-specific fatty acid uptake in vivo. Endocrinology 150(12):5639–5648. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-0297

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang S, Lai S, Wang Z, Liu A, Wang W, Guan H (2021) Thyroid feedback Quantile-based index correlates strongly to renal function in euthyroid individuals. Ann Med 53(1):1945–1955. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2021.1993324

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van der Spek AH, Fliers E, Boelen A (2017) The classic pathways of thyroid hormone metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 458:29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.025

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jostel A, Ryder WD, Shalet SM (2009) The use of thyroid function tests in the diagnosis of hypopituitarism: definition and evaluation of the TSH index. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 71(4):529–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03534.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Susiarjo M, Xin F, Bansal A, Stefaniak M, Li C, Simmons RA et al (2015) Bisphenol a exposure disrupts metabolic health across multiple generations in the mouse. Endocrinology 156(6):2049–2058. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-2027

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoermann R, Midgley JEM, Larisch R, Dietrich JW (2018) The role of functional thyroid capacity in pituitary thyroid feedback regulation. Eur J Clin Invest 48(10):e13003. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laclaustra M, Moreno-Franco B, Lou-Bonafonte JM, Mateo-Gallego R, Casasnovas JA, Guallar-Castillon P et al (2019) Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 42(2):303–310. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-1410

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dimachkieh AL, Kazahaya K, Chelius DC Jr (2019) Assessment and management of thyroid disease in children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 52(5):957–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2019.06.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yagi H, Pohlenz J, Hayashi Y, Sakurai A, Refetoff S (1997) Resistance to thyroid hormone caused by two mutant thyroid hormone receptors beta, R243Q and R243W, with marked impairment of function that cannot be explained by altered in vitro 3,5,3’-triiodothyroinine binding affinity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82(5):1608–1614. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.82.5.3945

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu H, Xing Y, Nie Q, Li Z, Meng C, Ma H (2023) Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and metabolic Dysfunction-Associated fatty liver disease in euthyroid subjects: A Cross-Sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 16:2153–2163. https://doi.org/10.2147/dmso.S420872

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gu Y, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, Wu H, Zhang S et al (2020) Thyroid function and lipid profile in euthyroid adults: the TCLSIH cohort study. Endocrine 70(1):107–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02312-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wolffenbuttel BHR, Wouters H, Slagter SN, van Waateringe RP, Muller Kobold AC, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV et al (2017) Thyroid function and metabolic syndrome in the population-based lifelines cohort study. BMC Endocr Disord 17(1):65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-017-0215-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Yin Q, Xu M, Ni Q, Wang W, Wang Q (2017) BMI Modulates the Effect of Thyroid Hormone on Lipid Profile in Euthyroid Adults. Int J Endocrinol 2017:8591986. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8591986

Teumer A, Chaker L, Groeneweg S, Li Y, Di Munno C, Barbieri C et al (2018) Genome-wide analyses identify a role for SLC17A4 and AADAT in thyroid hormone regulation. Nat Commun 9(1):4455. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06356-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang JJ, Zhuang ZH, Shao CL, Yu CQ, Wang WY, Zhang K et al (2021) Assessment of causal association between thyroid function and lipid metabolism: a Mendelian randomization study. Chin Med J (Engl) 134(9):1064–1069. https://doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000001505

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pleić N, Gunjača I, Babić Leko M, Zemunik T (2023) Thyroid function and metabolic syndrome: A Two-Sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 108(12):3190–3200. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad371

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Juiz-Valiña P, Cordido M, Outeiriño-Blanco E, Pértega S, Varela-Rodríguez BM, García-Brao MJ et al (2020) Central resistance to thyroid hormones in morbidly obese subjects is reversed after bariatric Surgery-Induced weight loss. J Clin Med 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020359

Yuan D, Jia S, Zhu P, Zhang C, Liu Y, Liu R et al (2021) Usefulness of FT3 to FT4 ratio to predict mortality in euthyroid patients with prior cardiovascular events undergoing PCI: Five-Year findings from a large Single-Center cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12:700349. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.700349

Article  PubMed