Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurtsova K, et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ye J, Wu Y, Yang S, Zhu D, Chen F, et al. The global, regional and National burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the past, present and future: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1192629.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deng W, Zhao L, Chen C, Ren Z, Jing Y, et al. National burden and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in China from 1990 to 2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021. J Diabetes. 2024;16(10):e70012.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ceriello A, Prattichizzo F. Variability of risk factors and diabetes complications. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):101.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wong ND, Sattar N. Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, assessment and prevention. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023;20(10):685–95.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Einarson TR, Acs A, Ludwig C, Panton UH. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007–2017. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):83.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pearson-Stuttard J, Papadimitriou N, Markozannes G, Cividini S, Kakourou A, et al. Type 2 diabetes and cancer: an umbrella review of observational and Mendelian randomization studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021;30(6):1218–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yen FS, Wei JC, Yang YC, Hsu CC, Hwu CM. Respiratory outcomes of Metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):10298.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eva JJ, Kassab YW, Neoh CF, Ming LC, Wong YY, et al. Self-Care and Self-Management among adolescent T2DM patients: A review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:489.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin L, Tan W, Pan X, Tian E, Wu Z, et al. Metabolic Syndrome-Related kidney injury: A review and update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:904001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mlynarska E, Bulawska D, Czarnik W, Hajdys J, Majchrowicz G et al. Novel insights into diabetic kidney disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024, 25(18).

Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium, Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, Woodward M, et al. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375(9731):2073–81.

Article  Google Scholar 

Heerspink HJL, Oshima M, Zhang H, Li J, Agarwal R, et al. Canagliflozin and Kidney-Related adverse events in type 2 diabetes and CKD: findings from the randomized CREDENCE trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022;79(2):244–e256241.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yamamoto Y, Hanai K, Mori T, Yokoyama Y, Yoshida N, et al. Kidney outcomes and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes exhibiting non-albuminuric kidney insufficiency. Diabetologia. 2022;65(1):234–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jin Q, Kuen Lam CL, Fai Wan EY. Association of eGFR slope with all-cause mortality, macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes and early-stage chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023;205:110924.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nagai K, Sairenchi T, Irie F, Watanabe H, Ota H, et al. Relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular mortality in a Japanese cohort with Long-Term Follow-Up. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(6):e0156792.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jung HH. Evaluation of serum glucose and kidney disease progression among patients with diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9):e2127387.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Laville SM, Couturier A, Lambert O, Metzger M, Mansencal N, et al. Urea levels and cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2022;38(1):184–92.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tang X, Xu L, Meng RG, Du YQ, Liu SJ, et al. Association between serum uric acid and the early marker of kidney function decline among Chinese Middle-Aged and older population: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Biomed Environ Sci. 2023;36(3):231–40.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang DY, Wang JW, Chen M, Zhang LX, Zhao MH. Association between serum uric acid level and mortality in China. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(17):2073–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li S, Liu Z, Joseph P, Hu B, Yin L, et al. Modifiable risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in China: a PURE substudy. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(30):2852–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Yan Q, Fan C, Mo Y, Wang Y, et al. Overview and countermeasures of cancer burden in China. Sci China Life Sci. 2023;66(11):2515–26.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Su J, Fan X, Li M, Yu H, Geng H et al. Association of lifestyle with reduced stroke risk in 41 314 individuals with diabetes: two prospective cohort studies in China. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024.

American Diabetes A. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(Suppl 1):S81–90.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kuo CF, Yu KH, Shen YM, See LC. The Chinese version of the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation is a superior screening tool for chronic kidney disease among middle-aged Taiwanese than the original MDRD and Cockcroft-Gault equations. Biomed J. 2014;37(6):398–405.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yan Y, Jiang Y, Liu R, Eddleston M, Tao C, et al. Impact of pesticide regulations on mortality from suicide by pesticide in China: an interrupted time series analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1189923.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Park SK, Oh CM, Kim E, Ryoo JH, Jung JY. The longitudinal analysis for the association between smoking and the risk of depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24(1):364.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ao L, Zhou J, Han M, Li H, Li Y, et al. The joint effects of physical activity and air pollution on type 2 diabetes in older adults. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):472.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang M, Qing S, Xie G, Sheng G, Yang J. Oxidative stress mediates the association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in metabolic syndrome: evidence from a prospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1452896.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Ding X, Hua B, Liu Q, Gao H, et al. Predictive effect of triglyceride–glucose index on clinical events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: results from an observational cohort study in China. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20(1):43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferguson MA, Waikar SS. Established and emerging markers of kidney function. Clin Chem. 2012;58(4):680–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dal Canto E, Elders PJM, van der Heijden AA, van Ballegooijen AJ, Lissenberg-Witte BI, et al. Kidney function measures and cardiovascular outcomes in people with diabetes: the Hoorn diabetes care system cohort. Diabetologia. 2023;66(3):482–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caplan EO, Sheer R, Schmedt N, Evers T, Cockrell M, et al. Glomerular filtration rate change and outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Am J Manag Care. 2021;27(8 Suppl):S160–7.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang A, Chen G, Cao Y, Liu X, Su Z, et al. Estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and risk of cardiovascular diseases and All-cause mortality in diabetic population: a Community-based cohort study. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):17948.

Article