Lamberti, G. et al. Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 10, 25 (2024).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wilander, E., El-Salhy, M. & Pitkanen, P. Histopathology of gastric carcinoids: a survey of 42 cases. Histopathology 8, 183–193 (1984).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Havu, N. Enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids of gastric mucosa in rats after life-long inhibition of gastric secretion. Digestion 35 (Suppl. 1), 42–55 (1986).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poynter, D. et al. Association of long lasting unsurmountable histamine H2 blockade and gastric carcinoid tumours in the rat. Gut 26, 1284–1295 (1985).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barrett, P. et al. Endocrine cells of the human gastrointestinal tract have no proliferative capacity. Histochem. J. 27, 482–486 (1995).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Solcia, E., Rindi, G., Silini, E. & Villani, L. Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells and their growths: relationships to gastrin, reduced acid secretion and gastritis. Baillieres Clin. Gastroenterol. 7, 149–165 (1993).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rindi, G., Luinetti, O., Cornaggia, M., Capella, C. & Solcia, E. Three subtypes of gastric argyrophil carcinoid and the gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study. Gastroenterology 104, 994–1006 (1993).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Waldum, H. & Mjønes, P. The central role of gastrin in gastric cancer. Front. Oncol. 13, 1176673 (2023).

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Calvete, O. et al. Exome sequencing identifies ATP4A gene as responsible of an atypical familial type I gastric neuroendocrine tumour. Hum. Mol. Genet. 24, 2914–2922 (2015).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheung, K. S. et al. Long-term proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer development after treatment for Helicobacter pylori: a population-based study. Gut 67, 28–35 (2018).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Richards, M. L., Gauger, P., Thompson, N. W. & Giordano, T. J. Regression of type II gastric carcinoids in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome after surgical excision of all gastrinomas. World J. Surg. 28, 652–658 (2004).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Waldum, H. L. et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation in human gastric carcinoma. Cancer 83, 435–444 (1998).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martinsen, T. C. et al. Neuroendocrine cells in diffuse gastric carcinomas: an ultrastructural study with immunogold labeling of chromogranin A. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 18, 62–68 (2010).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mjones, P. et al. Expression of the cholecystokinin-B receptor in neoplastic gastric cells. Horm. Cancer 9, 40–54 (2018).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sørdal, Ø. et al. The PAS positive material in gastric cancer cells of signet ring type is not mucin. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 96, 274–278 (2014).

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar