Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A (2023) Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin 73:17–48. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21763

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen H, Pang Y, Wu J, Zhao L, Hao B, Wu J et al (2020) Comparison of [68 Ga] Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 and [18 F] FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic lesions in patients with various types of cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 47:1820–1832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-04769-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zimmerman RL, Burke M, Young NA, Solomides CC, Bibbo M (2002) Diagnostic utility of Glut-1 and CA 15–3 in discriminating adenocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma in liver tumors biopsied by fine-needle aspiration. Cancer Cytopathol: Interdiscip Int J Am Cancer Soc 96:53–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.10309.abs

Article  Google Scholar 

Seko-Nitta A, Nagatani Y, Murakami Y, Watanabe Y, Nitta N, Murata K et al (2021) 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in advanced gastric cancer correlates with histopathological subtypes and volume of tumor stroma. Eur J Radiol 145:110048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.110048

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hu K, Wang L, Wu H, Huang S, Tian Y, Wang Q et al (2022) [18 F] FAPI-42 PET imaging in cancer patients: optimal acquisition time, biodistribution, and comparison with [68 Ga] Ga-FAPI-04. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49:2833–2843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05646-z

Lopez-Lopez V, Cascales-Campos P, Gil J, Frutos L, Andrade R, Fuster-Quiñonero M et al (2016) Use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the preoperative evaluation of patients diagnosed with peritoneal carcinomatosis of ovarian origin, candidates to cytoreduction and hipec. A pending issue. Eur J Radiol 85:1824–1828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.08.006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ora M, Soni N, Nazar AH, Dixit M, Singh R, Puri S et al (2023) Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-based radionuclide therapies: current status and future directions. J Nucl Med 64:1001–1008. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.123.265594

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Treglia G, Muoio B, Roustaei H, Kiamanesh Z, Aryana K, Sadeghi R (2021) Head-to-head comparison of fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPI) radiotracers versus [18F] F-FDG in oncology: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 22:11192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011192

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gege Z, Xueju W, Bin J (2023) Head-to-head comparison of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT and FDG PET/CT for the detection of peritoneal metastases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol 220:490–498. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.22.28402

Article  Google Scholar 

Shi X, Xing H, Yang X, Li F, Yao S, Congwei J et al (2021) Comparison of PET imaging of activated fibroblasts and 18 F-FDG for diagnosis of primary hepatic tumours: a prospective pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 48:1593–1603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-020-05070-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Song E (2019) Turning foes to friends: targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 18:99–115. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-018-0004-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Costa A, Kieffer Y, Scholer-Dahirel A, Pelon F, Bourachot B, Cardon M et al (2018) Fibroblast heterogeneity and immunosuppressive environment in human breast cancer. Cancer Cell 33(463–79):e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2018.01.011

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang H, Zhu W, Ren S, Kong Y, Huang Q, Zhao J et al (2021) 68Ga-FAPI-04 versus 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 11:693640. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.693640

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alçın G, Arslan E, Aksoy T, Cin M, Fenercioğlu ÖE, Beyhan E et al (2023) 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in selected breast cancer patients with low FDG affinity: a head-to-head comparative study. Clin Nucl Med 48:e420–e430. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0000000000004751

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li C, Tian Y, Chen J, Jiang Y, Xue Z, Xing D et al (2023) Usefulness of [68Ga] FAPI-04 and [18F] FDG PET/CT for the detection of primary tumour and metastatic lesions in gastrointestinal carcinoma: a comparative study. Eur Radiol 33:2779–2791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-022-09251-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, He Q, Jiang S, Li M, Xue H, Zhang D et al (2023) [18F] FAPI PET/CT in the evaluation of focal liver lesions with [18F] FDG non-avidity. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 50:937–950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-022-06022-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goh V, Sarker D, Osmany S, Cook G (2012) Functional imaging techniques in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 39:1070–1079. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-012-2096-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Torizuka T, Tamaki N, Inokuma T, Magata Y, Sasayama S, Yonekura Y et al (1995) In vivo assessment of glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma with FDG-PET. J Nucl Med 36:1811–1817

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Paudyal B, Oriuchi N, Paudyal P, Tsushima Y, Higuchi T, Miyakubo M et al (2008) Clinicopathological presentation of varying 18 F-FDG uptake and expression of glucose transporter 1 and hexokinase II in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Ann Nucl Med 22:83–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-007-0076-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Luo W, Li Y (2023) [68Ga] Ga-FAPI-04 PET MRI/CT in the evaluation of gastric carcinomas compared with [18F]-FDG PET MRI/CT: a meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res 28:34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-00997-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

González-Borja I, Viúdez A, Goñi S, Santamaria E, Carrasco-García E, Pérez-Sanz J et al (2019) Omics approaches in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancers 11:1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081052

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Röhrich M, Naumann P, Giesel FL, Choyke PL, Staudinger F, Wefers A et al (2021) Impact of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging on the therapeutic management of primary and recurrent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. J Nucl Med 62:779–786. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.253062

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Jia G, Pan G, Cao K, Yang Q, Meng H et al (2022) Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR and 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with pancreatic cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49:2877–2888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-022-05729-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu J, Wang Y, Liao T, Rao Z, Gong W, Ou L et al (2021) Comparison of the relative diagnostic performance of [68Ga] Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 and [18F] FDG PET/CT for the detection of bone metastasis in patients with different cancers. Front Oncol 11:737827. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.737827

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ma H, Li F, Shen G, Cai H, Liu W, Lan T et al (2021) Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of 131I-labeled FAPI tracers for cancer theranostics. Mol Pharm 18:4179–4187. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00566

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zboralski D, Hoehne A, Bredenbeck A, Schumann A, Nguyen M, Schneider E et al (2022) Preclinical evaluation of FAP-2286 for fibroblast activation protein targeted radionuclide imaging and therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49:3651–3667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-022-05842-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Watabe T, Liu Y, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Shirakami Y, Lindner T, Ooe K et al (2020) Theranostics targeting fibroblast activation protein in the tumor stroma: 64Cu-and 225Ac-labeled FAPI-04 in pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse models. J Nucl Med 61:563–569. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.119.233122

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Watabe T, Kaneda-Nakashima K, Shirakami Y, Naka S, Ooe K et al (2022) Fibroblast activation protein targeted therapy using [177 Lu] FAPI-46 compared with [225 Ac] FAPI-46 in a pancreatic cancer model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 49:871–880. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05554-2

Wu M, Wang Y, Yang Q, Wang X, Yang X, Xing H et al (2023) Comparison of baseline 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT for prediction of response and clinical outcome in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with PD-1 inhibitor and lenvatinib. J Nucl Med. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.123.265712

Article