Wu S, Wu B, Liu M, Chen Z, Wang W, Anderson CS, Sandercock P, Wang Y, Huang Y, Cui L, et al. Stroke in China: advances and challenges in epidemiology, prevention, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(4):394–405.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Global regional. National burden of Stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(10):795–820.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pluta R, Januszewski S, Czuczwar SJ. The role of gut microbiota in an ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021, 22(2).

Nasr N, Ruidavets JB, Farghali A, Guidolin B, Perret B, Larrue V. Lipoprotein (a) and carotid Atherosclerosis in young patients with Stroke. Stroke. 2011;42(12):3616–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Banerjee C, Chimowitz MI. Stroke caused by Atherosclerosis of the major intracranial arteries. Circ Res. 2017;120(3):502–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P, Wang Y, Antikainen R, Hu G. Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Stroke risk. Stroke. 2012;43(7):1768–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang YQ, Huang JY, Liu L, Chen CL, Yu YL, Tang ST, Zhang B, Feng YQ. Relationship between triglyceride levels and ischaemic Stroke in elderly hypertensive patients. Postgrad Med J. 2020;96(1133):128–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang A, Dai L, Zhang N, Lin J, Chen G, Zuo Y, Li H, Wang Y, Meng X, Wang Y. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL cholesterol are associated with outcomes of minor Stroke and TIA. Atherosclerosis. 2020;297:74–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Song Q, Cheng Y, Wei C, Ye C, Liu J, Wu B, Liu M. Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and haemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischaemic Stroke. BMC Neurol. 2020;20(1):47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dobiásová M, Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apob-lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)). Clin Biochem. 2001;34(7):583–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fernández-Macías JC, Ochoa-Martínez AC, Varela-Silva JA, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Atherogenic index of plasma: Novel Predictive Biomarker for Cardiovascular illnesses. Arch Med Res. 2019;50(5):285–94.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Si Y, Fan W, Han C, Liu J, Sun L. Atherogenic index of plasma, triglyceride-glucose index and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio for Predicting Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Med Sci. 2021;362(3):285–90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu H, Liu K, Pei L, Li S, Zhao J, Zhang K, Zong C, Zhao L, Fang H, Wu J, et al. Atherogenic index of plasma predicts outcomes in Acute ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol. 2021;12:741754.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cai XT, Gao J, Wang MR, Liu SS, Hu JL, Hong J, Li NF. A J-shaped relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma and new-onset Myocardial Infarction in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a cohort study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022;26(21):8022–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang Z, Ding X, Yue Q, Wang X, Chen Z, Cai Z, Li W, Cai Z, Chen G, Lan Y, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index trajectory and Stroke incidence in patients with Hypertension: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):141.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang Z, Chen Z, Wang X, Ding X, Cai Z, Li W, Cai Z, Lan Y, Chen G, Fang W, et al. Association of Cardiovascular Health score trajectory with Incident Myocardial Infarction in Hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2022;79(11):2622–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao M, Song L, Sun L, Wang M, Wang C, Yao S, Li Y, Yun C, Zhang S, Sun Y, et al. Associations of type 2 Diabetes Onset Age with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: the Kailuan Study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(6):1426–32.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Genuth S, Alberti KG, Bennett P, Buse J, Defronzo R, Kahn R, Kitzmiller J, Knowler WC, Lebovitz H, Lernmark A, et al. Follow-up report on the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(11):3160–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr., Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma C, Gurol ME, Huang Z, Lichtenstein AH, Wang X, Wang Y, Neumann S, Wu S, Gao X. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of intracerebral Hemorrhage: a prospective study. Neurology. 2019;93(5):e445–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pottel H, Delanaye P, Schaeffner E, Dubourg L, Eriksen BO, Melsom T, Lamb EJ, Rule AD, Turner ST, Glassock RJ, et al. Estimating glomerular filtration rate for the full age spectrum from serum creatinine and cystatin C. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017;32(3):497–507.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Chen S, Tian X, Wang P, Xu Q, Xia X, Zhang X, Li J, Liu F, Wu S, et al. Association between cumulative atherogenic index of plasma exposure and risk of Myocardial Infarction in the general population. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):210.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Won KB, Heo R, Park HB, Lee BK, Lin FY, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Sung JM, Conte E, Andreini D, et al. Atherogenic index of plasma and the risk of rapid progression of coronary Atherosclerosis beyond traditional risk factors. Atherosclerosis. 2021;324:46–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Feng B, Huang Z, Cai Z, Yu X, Chen Z, Cai Z, Chen G, Wu S, Chen Y. Relationship of cumulative exposure to the triglyceride-glucose index with ischemic Stroke: a 9-year prospective study in the Kailuan cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stroke–1989. Recommendations on Stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular disorders. Stroke. 1989;20(10):1407–31.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Gao X, Wang C, Zhang S, Wang A, Li N, Bian L, Wu J, Jia Q, et al. Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and the risks of ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhagic Stroke. Stroke. 2013;44(9):2451–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li H, Qian F, Zuo Y, Yuan J, Chen S, Wu S, Wang A. U-Shaped relationship of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Incidence of Total, ischemic and hemorrhagic Stroke: a prospective cohort study. Stroke. 2022;53(5):1624–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang X, Li J, Hu D, Chen J, Li Y, Huang J, Liu X, Liu F, Cao J, Shen C, et al. Predicting the 10-Year risks of atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Population: the China-PAR Project (Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China). Circulation. 2016;134(19):1430–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim SH, Cho YK, Kim YJ, Jung CH, Lee WJ, Park JY, Huh JH, Kang JG, Lee SJ, Ihm SH. Association of the atherogenic index of plasma with cardiovascular risk beyond the traditional risk factors: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):81.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hang F, Chen J, Wang Z, Zheng K, Wu Y. Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and major adverse cardiovascular events among non-diabetic hypertensive older adults. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21(1):62.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang J, Zhang S, Jiao Y, Zheng L, Sun Y, Sun Z. Cumulative exposure to elevated blood pressure better predicts Cardiovascular Disease risk in rural Chinese adults. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1006220.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dai L, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang A, Chen Z, Mo J, Li H, Meng X, Wu S, Wang Y. Cumulative burden of lipid profiles predict future incidence of ischaemic Stroke and residual risk. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2021;6(4):581–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tian X, Chen S, Xu Q, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Luo Y, Wu S, Wang A. Cumulative serum uric acid exposure and its Time Course with the risk of Incident Stroke. Stroke. 2023;54(8):2077–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lan Y, Chen G, Wu D, Ding X, Huang Z, Wang X, Balmer L, Li X, Song M, Wang W, et al. Temporal relationship between atherogenic dyslipidemia and inflammation and their joint cumulative effect on type 2 Diabetes onset: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):31.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yi Q, Ren Z, Bai G, Zhu S, Li S, Li C, Wu H, Zhu Y, Song P. The longitudinal effect of the atherogenic index of plasma on type 2 Diabetes in middle-aged and older Chinese. Acta Diabetol. 2022;59(2):269–79.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lioy B, Webb RJ, Amirabdollahian F. The Association between the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and cardiometabolic risk factors: a review. Healthc (Basel) 2023, 11(7).

Huang Q, Liu Z, Wei M, Huang Q, Feng J, Liu Z, Xia J. The atherogenic index of plasma and carotid Atherosclerosis in a community population: a population-based cohort study in China. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):125.