Rawla P, Sunkara T, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors. Prz Gastroenterol. 2019;14:89–103.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Takayama T, Miyanishi K, Hayashi T, Sato Y, Niitsu Y. Colorectal cancer: genetics of development and metastasis. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:185–92.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Nguyen LH, Goel A, Chung DC. Pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2020;158:291–302.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Padua D, Massagué J. Roles of TGFβ in metastasis. Cell Res. 2009;19:89–102.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Massagué J. TGFβ signalling in context. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012;13:616–30.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Picon A, Gold LI, Wang J, Cohen A, Friedman E. A subset of metastatic human colon cancers expresses elevated levels of transforming growth factor beta1. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998;7:497–504.
Tsushima H, Ito N, Tamura S, Matsuda Y, Inada M, Yabuuchi I, et al. Circulating transforming growth factor β1 as a predictor of liver metastasis after resection in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7:1258–62.
Seoane J, Gomis RR. TGF-β family signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017;9: a022277.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Principe DR, Doll JA, Bauer J, Jung B, Munshi HG, Bartholin L, et al. TGF-β: duality of function between tumor prevention and carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106:djt369.
Sheen YY, Kim M-J, Park S-A, Park S-Y, Nam J-S. Targeting the transforming growth factor-β signaling in cancer therapy. Biomol Therap. 2013;21:323–31.
Rivera GA, Wakelee H. Lung cancer in never smokers. adv exp med biol. 2016;893:43–57.
Hira SK, Rej A, Paladhi A, Singh R, Saha J, Mondal I, et al. Galunisertib drives Treg fragility and promotes dendritic cell-mediated immunity against experimental lymphoma. iScience [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Sep 10];23. Available from: https://www.cell.com/iscience/abstract/S2589-0042(20)30815-4
Shi Y, Massagué J. Mechanisms of TGF-β signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. Cell. 2003;113:685–700.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Xu X, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Zhen G, Crane JL, Zhou X, et al. Transforming growth factor-β in stem cells and tissue homeostasis. Bone Res. 2018;6:1–31.
Hinck AP, Mueller TD, Springer TA. Structural biology and evolution of the TGF-β family. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2016;8: a022103.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Huang T, Schor S, Hinck A. Biological activity differences between TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 correlate with differences in the rigidity and arrangement of their component monomers. Biochemistry. 2014;53:5737–5749.
Xu P, Lin X, Feng X-H. Posttranslational regulation of Smads. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2016;8: a022087.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xu L. Regulation of Smad activities. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1759:503–13.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Miyazawa K, Miyazono K. Regulation of TGF-β family signaling by inhibitory Smads. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017;9: a022095.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang YE. Non-Smad signaling pathways of the TGF-β family. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017;9: a022129.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hartsough MT, Mulder KM. Transforming growth factor beta activation of p44mapk in proliferating cultures of epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:7117–24.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mulder KM, Morris SL. Activation of p21ras by transforming growth factor beta in epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:5029–31.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhao H, Ming T, Tang S, Ren S, Yang H, Liu M, et al. Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer: pathogenic role and therapeutic target. Mol Cancer. 2022;21:144.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tian M, Schiemann WP. The TGF-β paradox in human cancer: an update. Future Oncol. 2009;5:259–71.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Haque S, Morris JC. Transforming growth factor-β: a therapeutic target for cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13:1741–50.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lavarone A, Massagué J. Repression of the CDK activator Cdc25A and cell-cycle arrest by cytokine TGF-β in cells lacking the CDK inhibitor p15. Nature. 1997;387:417–22.
Lasorella A, Noseda M, Beyna M, Iavarone A. Id2 is a retinoblastoma protein target and mediates signalling by Myc oncoproteins. Nature. 2000;407:592–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shen L, Qu X, Ma Y, Zheng J, Chu D, Liu B, et al. Tumor suppressor NDRG2 tips the balance of oncogenic TGF-β via EMT inhibition in colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis. 2014;3:e86–e86.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ramesh S, Wildey GM, Howe PH. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced apoptosis. Cell Cycle. 2009;8:11–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mishra L, Banker T, Murray J, Byers S, Thenappan A, He AR, et al. Liver stem cells and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2009;49:318–29.
Villalba M, Evans SR, Vidal-Vanaclocha F, Calvo A. Role of TGF-β in metastatic colon cancer: it is finally time for targeted therapy. Cell Tissue Res. 2017;370:29–39.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Elliott RL, Blobe GC. Role of transforming growth factor beta in human cancer. JCO. 2005;23:2078–93.
McGeachy MJ, Bak-Jensen KS, Chen Y, Tato CM, Blumenschein W, McClanahan T, et al. TGF-β and IL-6 drive the production of IL-17 and IL-10 by T cells and restrain TH-17 cell–mediated pathology. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:1390–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Perez LG, Kempski J, McGee HM, Pelzcar P, Agalioti T, Giannou A, et al. TGF-β signaling in Th17 cells promotes IL-22 production and colitis-associated colon cancer. Nat Commun. 2020;11:2608.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jung B, Staudacher JJ, Beauchamp D. Transforming growth factor β superfamily signaling in development of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology. 2017;152:36–52.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Nguyen HT, Duong H-Q. The molecular characteristics of colorectal cancer: Implications for diagnosis and therapy. Oncol Lett. 2018;16:9–18.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Razzaque MS, Atfi A. TGIF1-Twist1 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2020;18:2568–72.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Najjar Sadeghi R, Saeedi N, Sahba N, Sadeghi A. SMAD4 mutations identified in Iranian patients with colorectal cancer and polyp. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2021;14:S32–40.
Lamouille S, Xu J, Derynck R. Molecular mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15:178–96.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Puisieux A, Brabletz T, Caramel J. Oncogenic roles of EMT-inducing transcription factors. Nat Cell Biol. 2014;16:488–94.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Nieto MA, Huang RY-J, Jackson RA, Thiery JP. EMT: 2016. Cell. 2016;166:21–45.
Hu Y, Dai M, Zheng Y, Wu J, Yu B, Zhang H, et al. Epigenetic suppression of E-cadherin expression by Snail2 during the metastasis of colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenet. 2018;10:154.
David CJ, Huang Y-H, Chen M, Su J, Zou Y, Bardeesy N, et al. TGF-β tumor suppression through a lethal EMT. Cell. 2016;164:1015–30.
Comments (0)