Aponte-Tinao, L., Ayerza, M. A., Muscolo, D. L., & Farfalli, G. L. (2015). Survival, recurrence, and function after epiphyseal preservation and allograft reconstruction in osteosarcoma of the knee. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 473(5), 1789–1796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-4028-5. Epub 2014 Oct 29. PMID: 25352262; PMCID: PMC4385338.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schuh, R., Panotopoulos, J., Puchner, S. E., Willegger, M., Hobusch, G. M., Windhager, R., & Funovics, P. T. (2014). Vascularised or non-vascularised autologous fibular grafting for the reconstruction of a diaphyseal bone defect after resection of a musculoskeletal tumour. The Bone & Joint Journal, 96-B(9), 1258–1263.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Grimer, R. J., Belthur, M., Carter, S. R., Tillman, R. M., & Cool, P. (2000). Extendible replacements of the proximal tibia for bone tumours. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 82(2), 255–260.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Watanabe, K., Tsuchiya, H., Yamamoto, N., Shirai, T., Nishida, H., Hayashi, K., Takeuchi, A., Matsubara, H., & Nomura, I. (2013). Over 10-year follow-up of functional outcome in patients with bone tumors reconstructed using distraction osteogenesis. Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 18(1), 101–109. Epub 2012 Oct 25.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lewis, M. M., Bloom, N., Esquieres, E. M., Kenan, S., & Ryniker, D. M. (1987). The expandable prosthesis: An alternative to amputation for children with malignant bone tumours. AORN Journal, 46, 457–470.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ward, W. G., Yang, R. S., & Eckardt, J. J. (1996). Endoprosthetic bone reconstruction following malignant tumor resection in skeletally immature patients. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 27, 493–502.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lewis, M. M. (1986). The use of an expandable and adjustable prosthesis in the treatment of childhood malignant bone tumours of the extremity. Cancer, 57, 499–502.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scales, J. T., & Sneath, R. S. (1987). The extending prosthesis. In R. Coombs & G. Friedlaender (Eds.), Bone tumour management (pp. 168–177). Butterworths.

Google Scholar 

Abudu, A., Grimer, R., Tillman, R., & Carter, S. (2006). The use of prostheses in skeletally immature patients. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 37(1), 75–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harris, I. E., Leff, A. R., Gitelis, S., & Simon, M. A. (1990). Function after amputation, arthrodesis, or arthroplasty for tumors about the knee. J Bone Joint Surg [Am], 72-A, 1477–1485.

Article  Google Scholar 

Baumgart, R., & Lenze, U. (2009). Expandable endoprostheses in malignant bone tumors in children: Indications and limitations. Recent Results in Cancer Research, 179, 59–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Henderson, E. R., Pepper, A. M., Marulanda, G., Binitie, O. T., Cheong, D., & Letson, G. D. (2012). Outcome of lower-limb preservation with an expandable endoprosthesis after bone tumor resection in children. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 94(6), 537–547.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsuda, Y., et al. (2020). Extendable Endoprostheses in Skeletally Immature Patients. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery., 102(2), 151–162.

Article  Google Scholar 

Myers, G. J., Abudu, A. T., Carter, S. R., Tillman, R. M., & Grimer, R. J. (2007). Endoprosthetic replacement of the distal femur for bone tumours: Long‐term results. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 89, 521–526.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jaiswal, P. K., Blunn, G., Pollock, R., Skinner, J. A., Cannon, S. R., & Briggs, T. W. (2009). Bone remodeling around the tibial component of distal femoral expandable endoprosthesis. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 24, 421–426.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blunn, G. W., & Wait, M. E. (1991). Remodelling of bone around intramedullary stems in growing patients. J Ortho Research, 9, 809.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Barrack, R. L., Stanley, T., Burt, M., et al. (2004). The effect of stem design on end-of-stem pain in revision total knee arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 19(7 Suppl 2), 119.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haas, S. B., Insall, J. N., Montgomery, W., et al. (1995). Revision total knee arthroplasty with use of modular components with stems inserted without cement. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 77, 1700.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lingren, J. U., Svensson, O., & Mathieson, E. B. (1996). Remodelling and pain after uncemented total hip replacement. International Orthopaedics, 20, 7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rothman, R. H., Vresilovic, E. J., & Hozack, W. J. (1996). Incidence of thigh pain after uncemented total hip arthroplasty as a function of femoral stem size. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 11, 304.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lavernia, C., D’Apuzzo, M., Hernandez, V., et al. (2004). Thigh pain in primary total hip arthroplasty: The effects of elastic moduli. Journal of Arthroplasty, 19(7 Suppl 2), 17.

Google Scholar 

Barrack, R. L., Paprosky, W., Butler, R. A., et al. (2000). Patients’ perception of pain after total hip arthroplasty. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 15, 590.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Henderson, E. R., O’Connor, M. I., Ruggieri, P., Windhager, R., Funovics, P. T., Gibbons, C. L., Guo, W., Hornicek, F. J., Temple, H. T., & Letson, G. D. (2014). Classification of failure of limb salvage after reconstructive surgery for bone tumours: A modified system including biological and expandable reconstructions. The Bone & Joint Journal, 96-B(11), 1436–1440.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cool, W. P., Carter, S. R., Grimer, R. J., et al. (1997). Growth after extendible endoprosthetic replacement of the distal femur. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume, 79-B, 938.

Article  Google Scholar 

Arteau, A., Lewis, V. O., Moon, B. S., Satcher, R. L., Bird, J. E., & Lin, P. P. (2015). Tibial growth disturbance following distal femoral resection and expandable endoprosthetic reconstruction. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 97(22), Article e72. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.O.00060. PMID: 26582624; PMCID: PMC4642228.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shehadeh, A., Al-Qawasmi, M., Al Btoush, O., & Obeid, Z. (2022). Tibia multiplanar deformities and growth disturbance following expandable endoprosthetic distal femur replacement. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(22), Article 6734. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226734. PMID: 36431210; PMCID: PMC9699560.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Completo, A., Fonseca, F., & Simões, J. A. (2008). Strain shielding in proximal tibia of stemmed knee prosthesis: Experimental study. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(3), 560–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.10.006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martin, J. R., Watts, C. D., Levy, D. L., & Kim, R. H. (2017). Medial tibial stress shielding: A limitation of cobalt chromium tibial baseplates. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 32(2), 558–562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2016.07.027

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Ruiter, L., Rankin, K., Browne, M., et al. (2021). Decreased stress shielding with a PEEK femoral total knee prosthesis measured in validated computational models. Journal of Biomechanics, 118, Article 110270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110270

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tissakht, M., Ahmed, A. M., & Chan, K. C. (1996). Calculated stress-shielding in the distal femur after total knee replacement corresponds to the reported location of bone loss. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 14(5), 778–785. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100140515

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meluzio, M. C., Oliva, M. S., Minutillo, F., et al. (2020). The use of knee mega-prosthesis for the management of distal femoral fractures: A systematic review. Injury, 51(Suppl 3), S17–S22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2019.08.011

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Windhager, R., Schreiner, M., Staats, K., & Apprich, S. (2016). Megaprostheses in the treatment of periprosthetic fractures of the knee joint. International Orthopaedics, 40(5), 935–943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-015-2991-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghanem, M., Kalb, A., Heyde, C. E., & Roth, A. (2023). Management of complications of mega-implants following treatment of primary and periprosthetic fractures of the lower extremities. Scientific Reports, 13, Article 17594. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44992-w

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Glassman, A. H., Bobyn, J. D., & Tanzer, M. (2006). New femoral designs: Do they in