L.S.M. reports that her institution has received consulting fees from Johnson & Johnson and Merck. A.M.K. has received research funding from Arquer Diagnostics, EnGene, FKD Therapies (now Ferring), the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), Photocure, Seagen and SWOG; has acted as advisor or consultant for Astellas Pharma, Biological Dynamics, Bristol Myers Squibb, CG Oncology, Cystotech, Eisai, EnGene, Ferring, Genentech, Imagin Medical, ImmunityBio, Imvax, Incyte, Janssen, Medac, Merck, Nonagen Bioscience, Pfizer, Photocure, Protara Therapeutics, Roche, Seagen, Sesen Bio (now Carisma), Theralase, Urogen Pharma, US Biotest, Valar Labs and Vivet Therapeutics; holds a joint patent with the MD Anderson Cancer Center for CyPRIT (Cytokine Predictors of Response to Intravesical Therapy); and has had leadership roles in the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG), European Urology Oncology, the Journal of Urology, UroToday, American Urological Association (AUA) and the World Bladder Cancer Patient Coalition.