Abunada Z, Alazaiza MYD, Bashir MJK (2020) An overview of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (Pfas) in the environment: source, fate, risk and regulations. Water (Switzerland) 12

Al-Raad AA, Hanafiah MM, Naje AS et al (2019) Treatment of saline water using electrocoagulation with combined electrical connection of electrodes. Processes. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7050242

Article  Google Scholar 

Ammar M, Yousef E, Mahmoud MA et al (2023) A comprehensive review of the developments in electrocoagulation for the removal of contaminants from wastewater. Separations. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10060337

Article  Google Scholar 

Appleman TD, Higgins CP, Quiñones O et al (2014) Treatment of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in U.S. full-scale water treatment systems. Water Res 51:246–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.067

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Arias Espana VA, Mallavarapu M, Naidu R (2015) Treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA): a critical review with an emphasis on field testing. Environ Technol Innov 4:168–181

Article  Google Scholar 

Bajpai M, Katoch SS, Kadier A, Ma PC (2021) Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing cefazolin by electrocoagulation (EC): optimization of various parameters using response surface methodology (RSM), kinetics and isotherms study. Chem Eng Res des 176:254–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2021.10.012

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Berhanu A, Mutanda I, Taolin J, et al (2023) A review of microbial degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): biotransformation routes and enzymes. Sci Total Environ 859

Brendel S, Fetter É, Staude C et al (2018) Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids: environmental concerns and a regulatory strategy under REACH. Environ Sci Eur. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-018-0134-4

Article  Google Scholar 

Campbell TY, Vecitis CD, Mader BT, Hoffmann MR (2009) Perfluorinated surfactant chain-length effects on sonochemical kinetics. J Phys Chem A 113:9834–9842. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp903003w

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cao H, Zhang W, Wang C, Liang Y (2020) Sonochemical degradation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances—a review. Ultrason Sonochem 69

Cardoso IMF, da Pinto Silva L, da Esteves Silva JCG (2023) Nanomaterial-based advanced oxidation/reduction processes for the degradation of PFAS. Nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13101668

Article  Google Scholar 

Chávez AM, Solís RR, Beltrán FJ (2020) Magnetic graphene TiO2-based photocatalyst for the removal of pollutants of emerging concern in water by simulated sunlight aided photocatalytic ozonation. Appl Catal B. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118275

Article  Google Scholar 

Chiriac FL, Stoica C, Iftode C et al (2023) Bacterial biodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorosulfonic acid (PFOS) using pure Pseudomonas strains. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151814000

Article  Google Scholar 

Choe HS, Kim KY, Oh JE, Kim JH (2022) Parallel study on removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and PFASs in advanced water treatment processes: Ozonation, GAC adsorption, and RO processes. Environ Eng Res. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.509

Article  Google Scholar 

Crimi M, Holsen T, Bellona C et al (2017) FINAL REPORT in situ treatment train for remediation of perfluoroalkyl contaminated groundwater: in situ chemical oxidation of sorbed contaminants (ISCO-SC) distribution statement A

DiGuiseppi WH, Newell CJ, Carey G et al (2024) Available and emerging liquid treatment technologies for PFASs. Remediation. https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21782

Article  Google Scholar 

Dixit F, Barbeau B, Mostafavi SG, Mohseni M (2020) Removal of legacy PFAS and other fluorotelomers: optimized regeneration strategies in DOM-rich waters. Water Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116098

Article  Google Scholar 

Ellis AC, Boyer TH, Fang Y et al (2023) Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis of anion exchange and granular activated carbon systems for remediation of groundwater contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Water Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120324

Article  Google Scholar 

Eriksson U, Haglund P, Kärrman A (2017) Contribution of precursor compounds to the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). J Environ Sci (China) 61:80–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.004

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gagliano E, Sgroi M, Falciglia PP et al (2020) Removal of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water by adsorption: role of PFAS chain length, effect of organic matter and challenges in adsorbent regeneration. Water Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381

Article  Google Scholar 

Gar Alalm M, Boffito DC (2022) Mechanisms and pathways of PFAS degradation by advanced oxidation and reduction processes: a critical review. Chem Eng J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.138352

Article  Google Scholar 

Garg S, Wang J, Kumar P et al (2021) Remediation of water from per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) - challenges and perspectives. J Environ Chem Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105784

Article  Google Scholar 

Gole VL, Fishgold A, Sierra-Alvarez R et al (2018a) Treatment of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) using a large-scale sonochemical reactor. Sep Purif Technol 194:104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.11.009

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gole VL, Sierra-Alvarez R, Peng H et al (2018b) Sono-chemical treatment of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl compounds in aqueous film-forming foams by use of a large-scale multi-transducer dual-frequency based acoustic reactor. Ultrason Sonochem 45:213–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.02.014

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hadi P, Xu M, Ning C et al (2015) A critical review on preparation, characterization and utilization of sludge-derived activated carbons for wastewater treatment. Chem Eng J 260:895–906

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hajalifard Z, Kazemi S, Eftekhari S et al (2024) Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances degradation using hydroxyl- and sulphate- radical-based advanced oxidation from water matrices: which one is the best approach? Int J Environ Anal Chem 104:9128–9152

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hansen MC, Børresen MH, Schlabach M, Cornelissen G (2010) Sorption of perfluorinated compounds from contaminated water to activated carbon. J Soils Sediments 10:179–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-009-0172-z

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hoang SA, Bolan N, Madhubashini AMP et al (2022) Treatment processes to eliminate potential environmental hazards and restore agronomic value of sewage sludge: a review. Environ Pollut 293

Huang S, Jaffe PR (2019) Defluorination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) by Acidimicrobium sp. strain A6. Environ Sci Technol 53:11410–11419. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04047

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ilieva Z, Suehring R, Bastos N et al (2025) Adsorption dynamics of four per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) onto activated sludge (AS) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS). J Environ Chem Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.116377

Article  Google Scholar 

Inglezakis VJ (2005) The concept of “capacity” in zeolite ion-exchange systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 281:68–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.082

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jane L Espartero L, Yamada M, Ford J et al (2022) Health-related toxicity of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: comparison to legacy PFOS and PFOA. Environ Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113431

Article  Google Scholar 

Krahn KM, Cornelissen G, Castro G et al (2023) Sewage sludge biochars as effective PFAS-sorbents. J Hazard Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130449

Article  Google Scholar 

Kucharzyk KH, Darlington R, Benotti M et al (2017) Novel treatment technologies for PFAS compounds: a critical review. J Environ Manage 204:757–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.016

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kupryianchyk D, Hale S, Zimmerman AR et al (2016) Sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds to a diverse suite of carbonaceous materials with emphasis on biochar. Chemosphere 144:879–887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.055

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kurwadkar S, Dane J, Kanel SR, et al (2022) Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: a critical review of their global occurrence and distribution. Sci Total Environ 809

Le TXH, Haflich H, Shah AD, Chaplin BP (2019) Energy-efficient electrochemical oxidation of perfluoroalkyl substances using a Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical membrane anode. Environ Sci Technol Lett 6:504–510. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00397

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee A, Elam JW, Darling SB (2016) Membrane materials for water purification: design, development, and application. Environ Sci (Camb) 2:17–42

CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee T, Speth TF, Nadagouda MN (2022) High-pressure membrane filtration processes for separation of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Chem Eng J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.134023

Article  Google Scholar 

Lenka SP, Kah M, Padhye LP (2021) A review of the occurrence, transformation, and removal of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater treatment plants. Water Res 199

Leonello D, Fendrich MA, Parrino F, et al (2021) Light-induced advanced oxidation processes as pfas remediation methods: a review. Appl Sci (Switzerland) 11

Leung SCE, Wanninayake D, Chen D et al (2023) Physicochemical properties and interactions of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)—challenges and opportunities in sensing and remediation. Sci Total Environ 905

Li F, Duan J, Tian S et al (2020) Short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic systems: occurrence, impacts and treatment. Chem Eng J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122506

Article  Google Scholar 

Li G, Peng M, Huang Q et al (2025) A review on the recent mechanisms investigation of PFAS electrochemical oxidation degradation: mechanisms, DFT calculation, and pathways. Front Environ Eng. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenve.2025.1568542

Article