Aliseda D., Arredondo J., Sánchez-Justicia C., Alvarellos A., Rodríguez J., Matos I., Rotellar F., Baixauli J. Pastor C. 2024. Survival and safety after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or upfront surgery for locally advanced colon cancer: Meta-analysis. Br. J. Surg. 111, znae021.

Leijssen L.G.J., Dinaux A.M., Kunitake H., Bordeianou L.G. Berger D.L. 2019. The impact of postoperative morbidity on survival in patients with metastatic colon and rectal cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 120, 460–472.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Molenaar C.J., van Rooijen S.J., Fokkenrood H.J., Roumen R.M., Janssen L. Slooter G.D. 2022. Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications and improve quality of life in colorectal cancer surgery. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 5, Cd013259.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wischmeyer P.E., Klek S., Berger M.M., Berlana D., Gray B., Ybarra J. Ayers P. 2024. Parenteral nutrition in clinical practice: International challenges and strategies. Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. 81, S89–S101.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu J., Yeung S.J., Liu S., Qdaisat A., Jiang D., Liu W., Cheng Z., Liu W., Wang H., Li L., Zhou Z., Liu R., Yang C., Chen C., Yang R. 2021. Cyst(e)ine in nutrition formulation promotes colon cancer growth and chemoresistance by activating mTORC1 and scavenging ROS. Signal Transduction Targeted Ther. 6, 188.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tsuchiya T., Kurihara S. 2021. Cystine and theanine as stress-reducing amino acids-perioperative use for early recovery after surgical stress. Nutrients. 14, 129.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ruiz-Rodado V., Dowdy T., Lita A., Kramp T., Zhang M., Jung J., Dios-Esponera A., Zhang L., Herold-Mende C.C., Camphausen K., Gilbert M.R. Larion M. 2022. Cysteine is a limiting factor for glioma proliferation and survival. Mol. Oncol. 16, 1777–1794.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamamoto H., Watanabe Y., Arai H., Umemoto K., Tateishi K., Sunakawa Y. 2024. Microsatellite instability: a 2024 update. Cancer Sci. 115, 1738–1748.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fu X., Huang J., Zhu J., Fan X., Wang C., Deng W., Tan X., Chen Z., Cai Y., Lin H., Wang G., Zhang N., Zhu Y., Chen J., Zhan H., Huang S., Fang Y., Li Y., Huang Y. 2024. Prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in dMMR&MSS colorectal cancer patients and an MSI status predicting model. Int. J. Cancer. 155, 766–775.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Westcott P.M.K., Sacks N.J., Schenkel J.M., Ely Z.A., Smith O., Hauck H., Jaeger A.M., Zhang D., Backlund C.M., Beytagh M.C., Patten J.J., Elbashir R., Eng G., Irvine D.J., Yilmaz O.H., Jacks T. 2021. Low neoantigen expression and poor T-cell priming underlie early immune escape in colorectal cancer. Nat. Cancer. 2, 1071–1085.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Livak K.J., Schmittgen T.D. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25, 402–408.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

An S., Li W., Do H., Kwon H.Y., Kim B., Kim K., Kim Y., Cho M.Y. 2024. The expression patterns of immune checkpoint molecules in colorectal cancer: An analysis based on microsatellite status. Biomedicines. 12, 752.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim J.H., Hong J., Lee J.A., Jung M., Choi E., Cho N.Y., Kang G.H., Kim S. 2024. Immune microenvironmental heterogeneity according to tumor DNA methylation phenotypes in microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancers. Cancer Immunol., Immunother. 73, 215.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qu F., Wu S., Yu W. 2024. Progress of Immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy for pMMR/MSS metastatic colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 17, 1223–1253.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen E., Zhou W. 2025. Immunotherapy in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer: Strategies to overcome resistance. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 212, 104775.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duperray J., Sergheraert R., Chalothorn K., Tachalerdmanee P., Perin F. 2022. The effects of the oral supplementation of L-Cystine associated with reduced L-Glutathione-GSH on human skin pigmentation: A randomized, double-blinded, benchmark- and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J. Cosmet. Dermatol. 21, 802–813.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fujii J., Osaki T., Soma Y., Matsuda Y. 2023. Critical roles of the cysteine-glutathione axis in the production of γ-glutamyl peptides in the nervous system. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 8044.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kanaan M.N., Pileggi C.A., Karam C.Y., Ken-nedy L.S., Fong-McMaster C., Cuperlovic-Culf M., Harper M.E. 2024. Cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT controls skeletal muscle glutathione redox, bioenergetics and differentiation. Redox. Biol. 73, 103213.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gazzaniga A.B., Waxman K., Day A.T., Bradford R.R., Vanderhoof J.A., Bivins B., Steiger E. 1988. Nitrogen balance in adult hospitalized patients with the use of a pediatric amino acid model. Arch. Surg. 123, 1275–1279.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braccia D.J., Jiang X., Pop M., Hall A.B. 2021. The capacity to produce hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) via cysteine degradation is ubiquitous in the human gut microbiome. Front. Microbiol. 12, 705583.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lim J.K.M., Delaidelli A., Minaker S.W., Zhang H.F., Colovic M., Yang H., Negri G.L., von Karstedt S., Lockwood W.W., Schaffer P., Leprivier G., Sorensen P.H. 2019. Cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11) facilitates oncogenic RAS transformation by preserving intracellular redox balance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116, 9433–9442.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu J., Xia X., Huang P. 2020. xCT: A critical molecule that links cancer metabolism to redox signaling. Mol. Ther. 28, 2358–2366.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chang C.L., Marra G., Chauhan D.P., Ha H.T., Chang D.K., Ricciardiello L., Randolph A., Carethers J.M., Boland C.R. 2002. Oxidative stress inactivates the human DNA mismatch repair system. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 283, C148–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gulhati P., Bowen K.A., Liu J., Stevens P.D., Rychahou P.G., Chen M., Lee E.Y., Weiss H.L., O’Connor K.L., Gao T., Evers B.M. 2011. mTORC1 and mTORC2 regulate EMT, motility, and metastasis of colorectal cancer via RhoA and Rac1 signaling pathways. Cancer Res. 71, 3246–3256.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yoshida S., Hong S., Suzuki T., Nada S., Mannan A.M., Wang J., Okada M., Guan K.L., Inoki K. 2011. Redox regulates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity by modulating the TSC1/TSC2-Rheb GTPase pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 32651–32660.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jiang C., Tan X., Liu N., Yan P., Hou T., Wei W. 2024. Nutrient sensing of mTORC1 signaling in cancer and aging. Semin. Cancer Biol. 106–107, 1–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reed E.R., Jankowski S.A., Spinella A.J., Noonan V., Haddad R., Nomoto K., Matsui J., Bais M.V., Varelas X., Kukuruzinska M.A., Monti S. 2023. β-catenin/CBP activation of mTORC1 signaling promotes partial epithelial-mesenchymal states in head and neck cancer. Transl. Res. 260, 46–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Duldulao M.P., Lee W., Le M., Chen Z., Li W., Wang J., Gao H., Li H., Kim J., Garcia-Aguilar J. 2012. Gene expression variations in microsatellite stable and unstable colon cancer cells. J. Surg. Res. 174, 1–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sun Y., Yang B., Wen T., Guo X., Li D., Shi R., Zhang F., Wang D., Li C., Qu X. 2025. ANXA10 sensitizes microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy via assembly of HLA-DR dimers by regulating CD74. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 41, 25.