Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu M, Li B, Huang Z, Qin S, Nice EC, Tang J, Huang C (2023) Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions. Int J Oral Sci 15:44

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Badwelan M, Muaddi H, Ahmed A, Lee KT, Tran SD (2023) Oral squamous cell carcinoma and concomitant primary tumors, what do we know? A review of the literature. Curr Oncol 30:3721–3734

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dong L, Xue L, Cheng W, Tang J, Ran J, Li Y (2024) Comprehensive survival analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing initial radical surgery. BMC Oral Health 24:919

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Suri S, Boora GS, Kaur R, Chauhan A, Ghoshal S, Pal A (2024) Recent advances in minimally invasive biomarkers of OSCC: from generalized to personalized approach. Front Oral Health 5:1426507

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Weltbank (ed) (2000) Attacking poverty. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

Google Scholar 

Almalki SA, Gowdar IM, Vengal M, Arya S (2024) Epidemiology of quid usage and its possible association with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions. Front Oral Health 5:1450729

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khan Z, Tönnies J, Müller S (2014) Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer in South Asia: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Cancer Epidemiol 2014:1–11

Article  Google Scholar 

Singh MP, Kumar V, Agarwal A, Kumar R, Bhatt MLB, Misra S (2016) Clinico-epidemiological study of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a tertiary care centre study in North India. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 6:32–35

Article  Google Scholar 

Eloranta R, Vilén S-T, Keinänen A, Salo T, Qannam A, Bello IO, Snäll J (2024) Oral squamous cell carcinoma: effect of tobacco and alcohol on cancer location. Tob Induc Dis 22:1–9

Article  Google Scholar 

Pentenero M, Azzi L, Lodi G, Manfredi M, Varoni E (2022) Chronic mechanical trauma/irritation and oral carcinoma: a systematic review showing low evidence to support an association. Oral Dis 28:2110–2118

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stein KD, Syrjala KL, Andrykowski MA (2008) Physical and psychological long-term and late effects of cancer. Cancer 112:2577–2592

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mithi MT, Rathod P, Pandya S (2024) Economic impact of head and neck cancer in India at an individual level and the factors affecting it. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 76:2437–2441

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chauhan AS, Prinja S, Ghoshal S, Verma R (2019) Economic burden of head and neck cancer treatment in North India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 20:403–409

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rising costs, late diagnoses Harsh realities of children with head-neck cancer in Bangladesh. In: Dhaka Tribune. https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/health/331385/rising-costs-late-diagnoses-harsh-realities-of. Accessed 14 Sep 2025

Nagao T, Warnakulasuriya S (2020) Screening for oral cancer: future prospects, research and policy development for Asia. Oral Oncol 105:104632

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thanikachalam MD, C R, Baskaran NBEKA A (2025) The demographic and clinical characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma: an institutional epidemiological study. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.82552. Cureus

Wang Y, Yang T, Gan C, Wang K, Sun B, Wang M, Zhu F (2023) Temporal and spatial patterns of recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma, a single-center retrospective cohort study in China. BMC Oral Health 23:679

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel P, Singhal PM, Lakhera KK, Chatterjee A, Babu A, Singh S, Sharma S, Gora BS, Agarwal NK (2023) Predicting recurrence in oral cavity cancers: a review of 116 patients with buccal mucosa carcinoma in Northwestern India. Arch Craniofac Surg 24:211–217

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Team DCI-BD-DHDL Government Dental Hospital List In Dhaka With Contact Number. In: Dental Clinic Info - Best Dentist - Dental Hospital Doctor List. https://www.dentalclinicinfo.com/2023/03/government-dental-hospital-list-in-dhaka.html. Accessed 17 Aug 2025

Surjanovic N, Loughin TM (2024) Improving the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test in large models with replicated Bernoulli trials. J Appl Stat 51:1399–1411

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nattino G, Pennell ML, Lemeshow S (2020) Assessing the goodness of fit of logistic regression models in large samples: a modification of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Biometrics 76:549–560

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rajakumar M, Thavamani S (2021) Migration of eHealth Cloud to SeHealth Cloud. Int Conf Adv Electr, Electron, Commun, Comput Autom, ICAECA. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAECA52838.2021.9675613

Sharan RN, Mehrotra R, Choudhury Y, Asotra K (2012) Association of betel nut with carcinogenesis: revisit with a clinical perspective. PLoS ONE 7:e42759

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Islam S, Muthumala M, Matsuoka H, Uehara O, Kuramitsu Y, Chiba I, Abiko Y (2019) How each component of betel quid is involved in oral carcinogenesis: mutual interactions and synergistic effects with other carcinogens—a review article. Curr Oncol Rep 21:53

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang M-C, Lin L-D, Wu H-L, Ho Y-S, Hsien H-C, Wang T-M, Jeng P-Y, Cheng R-H, Hahn L-J, Jeng J-H (2013) Areca nut-induced buccal mucosa fibroblast contraction and its signaling: a potential role in oral submucous fibrosis–a precancer condition. Carcinogenesis 34:1096–1104

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sari R, Aji NRAS, Seong CFJ, Amany TY, Dewi RS (2023) Betel quid and oral phenomenon: current review. Curr Oral Health Rep 10:88–98

Article  Google Scholar 

Li Z, Fu Y, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Hu L, Shi C, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhou S (2023) Low-dose arecoline regulates distinct core signaling pathways in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Oral Health 23:171

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khan Z, Khan S, Christianson L, Rehman S, Ekwunife O, Samkange-Zeeb F (2016) Smokeless tobacco and oral potentially malignant disorders in South Asia: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev 5:142

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gupta B, Johnson NW (2014) Systematic review and meta-analysis of association of smokeless tobacco and of betel quid without tobacco with incidence of oral cancer in South Asia and the Pacific. PLoS ONE 9:e113385

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mujeri MK, Mujeri N (2021) Services sector in bangladesh: changes and prospects. Structural transformation of Bangladesh economy. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 205–228

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Mubin N, Bin Abdul Baten R, Jahan S, Zohora FT, Chowdhury NM, Faruque GM (2021) Cancer related knowledge, attitude, and practice among community health care providers and health assistants in rural Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res 21(1):191

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ramos-Gomez F, Tiwari T (2021) Oral health literacy framework: the pathway to improved oral health. J Calif Dent Assoc 49:759–769

Google Scholar 

Coletta RD, Yeudall WA, Salo T (2024) Current trends on prevalence, risk factors and prevention of oral cancer. Front Oral Health 5:1505833

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lin W-J, Jiang R-S, Wu S-H, Chen F-J, Liu S-A (2011) Smoking, Alcohol, and betel quid and oral cancer: A prospective cohort study. J Oncol 2011:1–5

Article  Google Scholar 

Debnath KC, Uddin MS, Goswami S, Herrera-Ca O, Kabir MT, Hasan MF, Lucky KN, Khanum S, Abdel-Daim MM (2016) Impact of tobacco smoking, betel quid chewing and alcohol consumption habits in patients with oral cavity cancer in Bangladesh. J Med Sci 17:46–52

Article  Google Scholar 

Siddique MR (2025) The impact of betel nut chewing on oral health in rural Bangladesh. Saudi J Oral Dent Res 10:210–215

Article  Google Scholar 

Diwan P, Nirwan M, Bahuguna M, Kumari SP, Wahlang J, Gupta RK (2023) Evaluating alterations of the oral microbiome and its link to oral cancer among betel quid chewers: prospecting reversal through probiotic intervention. Pathogens 12:996

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu F, Parvez F, Islam T et al (2015) Betel quid u