McDermott FD, Heeney A, Kelly ME, Steele RJ, Carlson GL, Winter DC. Systematic review of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for colorectal anastomotic leaks. Br J Surg. 2015;102:462–79.
Harada T, Numata M, Atsumi Y, Fukuda T, Izukawa S, Suwa Y, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer surgery reflecting current practices. Surg Today. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-024-02988-7.
Koedam TWA, Bootsma BT, Deijen CL, van de Brug T, Kazemier G, Cuesta MA, et al. Oncological outcomes after anastomotic leakage after surgery for colon or rectal cancer: increased risk of local recurrence. Ann Surg. 2022;275:e420–7.
Matthiessen P. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of the rectum. Colorectal Dis. 2006;8:366.
Sadatomo A, Horie H, Koinuma K, Sata N, Kojima Y, Nakamura T, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for obese patients with rectal cancer. Surg Today. 2024;54:935–42.
Matthiessen P, Hallbook O, Rutegard J, Simert G, Sjodahl R. Defunctioning stoma reduces symptomatic anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection of the rectum for cancer: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Surg. 2007;246:207–14.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Huser N, Michalski CW, Erkan M, Schuster T, Rosenberg R, Kleeff J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of defunctioning stoma in low rectal cancer surgery. Ann Surg. 2008;248:52–60.
Deng SY, Xing JD, Liu MX, Xu K, Tan F, Yao ZD, et al. Effect of the transanal drainage tube on preventing anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2022;37:1739–50.
Zhao S, Zhang L, Gao F, Wu M, Zheng J, Bai L, et al. Transanal drainage tube use for preventing anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2021;156:1151–8.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tamura K, Matsuda K, Horiuchi T, Noguchi K, Hotta T, Takifuji K, et al. Laparoscopic anterior resection with or without transanal tube for rectal cancer patients—a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Surg. 2021;222:606–12.
Rondelli F, Avenia S, De Rosa M, Rozzi A, Rozzi S, Chillitupa CIZ, et al. Efficacy of a transanal drainage tube versus diverting stoma in protecting colorectal anastomosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Today. 2023;53:163–73.
Tamura K, Uchino M, Nomura S, Shinji S, Kouzu K, Fujimoto T, et al. Updated evidence of the effectiveness and safety of transanal drainage tube for the prevention of anastomotic leakage after rectal low anterior resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol. 2024;28:71.
Watanabe J, Takemasa I, Kotake M, Noura S, Kimura K, Suwa H, et al. Blood perfusion assessment by indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery (essential trial): a randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg. 2023;278:e688–94.
Wang C, Li X, Lin H, Ju J, Zhang H, Yu Y. Effect of intraoperative anastomotic reinforcement suture on the prevention of anastomotic leakage of double-stapling anastomosis for laparoscopic rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2023;408:305.
Langer G, Meerpohl JJ, Perleth M, Gartlehner G, Kaminski-Hartenthaler A. Schunemann H [GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables]. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2012;106:357–68.
He Y, Zhu Z, Liu S, Liu L, Hu B, Wan X, et al. Effect of anastomotic reinforcing sutures on the incidence of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi Chin J Gastrointest Surg. 2018;21:431–6.
Gadiot RP, Dunker MS, Mearadji A, Mannaerts GH. Reduction of anastomotic failure in laparoscopic colorectal surgery using antitraction sutures. Surg Endosc. 2011;25:68–71.
Baek SJ, Kim J, Kwak J, Kim SH. Can trans-anal reinforcing sutures after double stapling in lower anterior resection reduce the need for a temporary diverting ostomy? World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:5309–13.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Maeda K, Nagahara H, Shibutani M, Ohtani H, Sakurai K, Toyokawa T, et al. Efficacy of intracorporeal reinforcing sutures for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Surg Endosc. 2015;29:3535–42.
Lin H, Yu M, Ye G, Qin S, Fang H, Jing R, et al. Intracorporeal reinforcement with barbed suture is associated with low anastomotic leakage rates after laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Surg. 2022;22:335.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yi X, Liao W, Feng X, Li H, Chen Z, Wang J, et al. An innovative and convenient technique to reduce anastomotic leakage after double stapling anastomosis: laparoscopic demucositized suture the overlapping point of the “dog ear” area. Updates Surg. 2022;74:1645–56.
Ban B, Shang A, Shi J. Efficacy of staple line reinforcement by barbed suture for preventing anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2022;14:821–32.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hashida H, Mizuno R, Iwaki K, Hanabata Y, Kita R, Oshima N, et al. Intracorporeal reinforcing sutures reduce anastomotic leakage in double-stapling anastomosis for laparoscopic rectal surgery. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne. 2022;17:491–7.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang HQ, Xu L, Wang ZL, Shao Y, Chen Y, Lu YF, et al. The effect of reinforcing sutures and trans-anal drainage tube on the outcome of laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer: propensity score-matched analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2023;408:289.
Oishi K, Tominaga T, Ono R, Noda K, Hashimoto S, Shiraishi T, et al. Risk factors for reoperation within 30 days in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery: a Japanese multicenter study. Asian J Endosc Surg. 2024;17:e13257.
Tan WS, Tang CL, Shi L, Eu KW. Meta-analysis of defunctioning stomas in low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2009;96:462–72.
Altomare DF, Delrio P, Shelgyn Y, Rybakov E, Vincenti L, De Fazio M, et al. Transanal reinforcement of low rectal anastomosis versus protective ileostomy after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Preliminary results of a randomized clinical trial. Colorectal Dis. 2021;23:1814–23.
Shaibu Z, Chen ZH, Theophilus A, Mzee SAS. Preservation of the arterial arc formed by left colic artery, proximal inferior mesenteric artery, and the first branch of sigmoid arteries in anus saving treatment of low rectal cancer. Am Surg. 2021;87:1956–64.
Roumen RM, Rahusen FT, Wijnen MH, van Croiset Uchelen FA. “Dog ear” formation after double-stapled low anterior resection as a risk factor for anastomotic disruption. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:522–5.
Crafa F, Megevand J, Romano G, Sileri P. New double-stapled anastomotic technique to avoid crossing staple lines. Tech Coloproctol. 2015;19:319–20.
Zhuo C, Liang L, Ying M, Li Q, Li D, Li Y, et al. Laparoscopic low anterior resection and eversion technique combined with a nondog ear anastomosis for mid- and distal rectal neoplasms: a preliminary and feasibility study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e2285.
Asao T, Kuwano H, Nakamura J, Hirayama I, Ide M, Moringa N, et al. Use of a mattress suture to eliminate dog ears in double-stapled and triple-stapled anastomoses. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:137–9.
Penna M, Hompes R, Arnold S, Wynn G, Austin R, Warusavitarne J, et al. Transanal total mesorectal excision: international registry results of the first 720 cases. Ann Surg. 2017;266:111–7.
Enomoto H, Ito M, Sasaki T, Nishizawa Y, Tsukada Y, Ikeda K, et al. Anastomosis-related complications after stapled anastomosis with reinforced sutures in transanal total mesorectal excision for low rectal cancer: a retrospective single-center study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2022;65:246–53.
Tajima JY, Yokoi R, Kiyama S, Takahashi T, Hayashi H, Higashi T, et al. Technical outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery versus laparoscopic surgery for rectal tumors: a single-center safety and feasibility study. Surg Today. 2024;54:478–86.
Waqas A, Mykoniatis I, Sidiqi N, Ahmed A, Stefan S, Naqvi S, et al. Early experience of undertaking robotic assisted total mesorectal excision in rectal resections, avoiding a diverting stoma: key ehancement of the anastomosis for no stoma technique—a case series. Surg Innov. 2023;30:158–65.
Comments (0)