Amber LED photobiomodulation tranexamic acid for the treatment of melasma: randomized controlled double-blind pilot trial

Kwon S, Na J, Choi J, Park K (2019) Melasma: updates and perspectives. Exp Dermatol 28:704–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.13844

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galache TR, Sena MM, Tassinary JAF, Pavani C (2024) Photobiomodulation for melasma treatment: integrative review and state of the art. Photodermatology. Photoimmunology Photomed 40. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12935

Ogbechie-Godec OA, Elbuluk N (2017) Melasma: an Up-to-Date comprehensive review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 7:305–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-017-0194-1

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dias MO, Minagawa FH, Teixeira de Abreu AF et al (2024) Prevalence of facial melasma among adult women in a multiracial population. Int J Dermatol 63. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.17078

Ocampo-Candiani J, Alas‐Carbajal R, Bonifaz‐Araujo JF et al (2025) Latin American consensus on the treatment of melasma. Int J Dermatology 64:499–512. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.17522

Article  Google Scholar 

Sarkar R, Ghunawat S, Narang I et al (2019) Role of broad-spectrum sunscreen alone in the improvement of melasma area severity index (MASI) and melasma quality of life index in melasma. J Cosmet Dermatol 18:1066–1073. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12911

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Addor FAS, Barcaui CB, Gomes EE et al (2022) Sunscreen lotions in the dermatological prescription: review of concepts and controversies. An Bras Dermatol 97:204–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2021.05.012

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel N, Shah H (2024) Exogenous ochronosis from Skin-Lightening cream. N Engl J Med 390:254–254. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMicm2305739

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dai X, Jin S, Xuan Y et al (2022) 590 Nm LED irradiation improved erythema through inhibiting angiogenesis of human microvascular endothelial cells and ameliorated pigmentation in melasma. Cells 11:3949. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11243949

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xuan YJ, Dai XX, Chen L et al (2024) Efficacy and safety of home-based 590 Nm light-emitting diodes and in-hospital 1064 Nm Q-switched nd:yag laser in the treatment of facial melasma: A single-centre, prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 38. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.19510

Oh CT, Kwon T, Choi EJ et al (2017) Inhibitory effect of 660-nm LED on melanin synthesis in in vitro and in vivo. PhotoDermatol PhotoImmunol PhotoMed 33:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12276

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frankowski DW, Ferrucci L, Arany PR et al (2025) Light buckets and laser beams: mechanisms and applications of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01505-z. GeroScience

Hernández-Bule ML, Naharro-Rodríguez J, Bacci S, Fernández-Guarino M (2024) Unlocking the power of light on the skin: A comprehensive review on photobiomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 25:4483. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084483

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen L, Xu Z, Jiang M et al (2018) Light-emitting diode 585 Nm photomodulation inhibiting melanin synthesis and inducing autophagy in human melanocytes. J Dermatol Sci 89:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.10.001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Calacattawi R, Alshahrani M, Aleid M et al (2024) Tranexamic acid as a therapeutic option for melasma management: meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Dermatological Treat 35. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2024.2361106

Konisky H, Balazic E, Jaller JA et al (2023) Tranexamic acid in melasma: A focused review on drug administration routes. J Cosmet Dermatology 22:1197–1206. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.15589

Article  Google Scholar 

Kim KM, Lim HW (2023) The uses of Tranexamic acid in dermatology: a review. Int J Dermatology 62:589–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.16160

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gaćina K (2023) The use of Tranexamic acid in dermatology. Acta Clin Croatica. https://doi.org/10.20471/acc.2023.62.02.16

Article  Google Scholar 

Liu L-X, Liao Z-K, Dong B-Q et al (2024) Tranexamic acid ameliorates skin hyperpigmentation by downregulating Endothelin-1 expression in dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Ann Dermatol 36:151. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.23.108

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu J-W, Ni Y-J, Tong X-Y et al (2020) Tranexamic acid inhibits angiogenesis and melanogenesis in vitro by targeting VEGF receptors. Int J Med Sci 17:903–911. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.44188

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee KW, Kim M, Lee SH, Kim KD (2022) The function of autophagy as a regulator of melanin homeostasis. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11132085. Cells 11:2085

Cho YH, Park JE, Lim DS, Lee JS (2017) Tranexamic acid inhibits melanogenesis by activating the autophagy system in cultured melanoma cells. J Dermatol Sci 88:96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.05.019

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang L, Tan W-Q, Fang Q-Q et al (2018) Tranexamic acid for adults with melasma: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2018:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1683414

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Galache TR, Galache M, Sena MM, Pavani C (2023) Amber photobiomodulation versus Tranexamic acid for the treatment of melasma: protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 13:e073568. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073568

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D (2010) CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 340:c332–c332. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c332

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística CENSO (2022) https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/?utm_source=ibge&utm_medium=home&utm_campaign=portal

Jagdeo J, Nguyen JK, Ho D et al (2020) Safety of light emitting diode-red light on human skin: two randomized controlled trials. J Biophotonics 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201960014

Mineroff J, Maghfour J, Ozog DM et al (2024) Photobiomodulation CME part II: clinical applications in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 91:805–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.074

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maghfour J, Ozog DM, Mineroff J et al (2024) Photobiomodulation CME part I: overview and mechanism of action. J Am Acad Dermatol 91:793–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.073

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ofori S, Tornberg SV, Kilpeläinen TP et al (2023) Pros and cons of noninferiority trials. Eur Urol Focus 9:711–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2023.10.003

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Flight L, Julious SA (2016) Practical guide to sample size calculations: non-inferiority and equivalence trials. Pharm Stat 15:80–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.1716

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pandya A, Berneburg M, Ortonne J-P, Picardo M (2006) Guidelines for clinical trials in melasma. Br J Dermatol 156:21–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07590.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carriel VS, Aneiros-Fernandez J, Arias-Santiago S et al (2011) A novel histochemical method for a simultaneous staining of melanin and collagen fibers. J Histochem Cytochemistry 59:270–277. https://doi.org/10.1369/0022155410398001

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Balkrishnan R, Mcmichael AJ, Camacho FT et al (2003) Development and validation of a health-related quality of life instrument for women with melasma. Br J Dermatol 149:572–577. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05419.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cestari TF, Hexsel D, Viegas ML et al (2006) Validation of a melasma quality of life questionnaire for Brazilian Portuguese language: the MelasQoL-BP study and improvement of QoL of melasma patients after triple combination therapy. Br J Dermatol 156:13–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07591.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Molero-Calafell J, Burón A, Castells X, Porta M (2024) Intention to treat and per protocol analyses: differences and similarities. J Clin Epidemiol 173:111457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111457

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kanechorn Na Ayuthaya P, Niumphradit N, Manosroi A, Nakakes A (2012) Topical 5% Tranexamic acid for the treatment of melasma in asians: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. J Cosmet Laser Therapy 14:150–154.

Comments (0)

No login
gif